“…Porter (2008) identifies five factors affecting the competitiveness of enterprises: rivalry among competitors, bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power of customers, threat of new entrants, and threat of substitute products or services (Keller et al, 2017). Further, the value chain contains production factors, such as land, labor, capital, and technology, and it also contains economic activities, such as purchasing, transportation, handling, distribution, and marketing (Stehel & Vochozka, 2016;Brečka and Korauš 2016;Ferdous & Ikeda, 2018;Korauš et al 2020). In the value chain, each business activity is not only a component of the process that creates value, but it is also a component used for the elimination of corporate resources that generate costs for the business entity and gives rise to cost management and pricing in accordance with the value chain (Ma et al, 2018).…”