“…In contrast, some research on chain newspapers suggests that they place more emphasis on profits than independently owned newspapers (Busterna, 1988b(Busterna, , 1989Demers: 1991;Demers & Wackman, 1988;McGrath & Gaziano, 1986: Soloski, 1979, but other studies are mixed or suggest that there is no difference between chains and independents (Coulson, 1994;Demers, 1996bDemers, , 1996cOlien, & Tichenor, 1989;Olien, Tichenor, & Donohue, 1988; for review, see Jeffres, 1994).…”