Dimensions of the typus melancholicus personality type

Abstract

The Typus melancholicus personality type (TMP) is characterised by orderliness, conscientiousness and interpersonal dependence. Several standardised instruments have been developed for the assessment of the Typus melancholicus personality. To date there has been no systematic comparison of these instruments and in particular it has been unclear whether TMP represents a single trait or a personality trait constellation. The aim of this study was the comparison of four TMP questionnaires and the investigation of the dimensionality of the personality as revealed by these questionnaires. The factorial validity of four TMP questionnaires was examined based on a sample of n = 264 psychiatric inpatients and normal controls. In a factor analysis of the items of the TMP questionnaires, four dimensions could be differentiated: Dependence, Intolerance of Ambiguity, Norm-Orientation, and Perfectionism. Psychometric evaluation showed good values for the individual items and the new TMP scales. The four subscales had a differential correlation profile in relation to the dimensions of the five-factor model of personality. The TMP scales could distinguish a group of depressed patients from a group of normal controls. The results show that TMP personality is not a single trait but consists of four related but separate traits. These can be clearly distinguished from those of the five-factor model of personality. The analysis of the TM concept therefore also represents a theoretical perspective for the integration of the personality characteristics which are relevant for depression. Based on this analysis, we constructed a multidimensional TMP inventory which forms the basis for the investigation of the effect of TM personality on clinical outcome and on psychotherapeutic treatment.

Phenomenological contribution to understanding of vocally disruptive behaviour: A clinical case study in a patient with dementia

“…Further traits suggestion MT personality according to Kronmüller et al included dependence on her relatives, perfectionism, intolerance of ambiguity, and hypernomy defined as a subject's wish to be perfect in particular as to one's social role according to social and religious or cultural norms.…”

“…Further traits suggestion MT personality according to Kronmüller et al 11,17 included dependence on her relatives, perfectionism, intolerance of ambiguity, and hypernomy defined as a subject's wish to be perfect in particular as to one's social role according to social and religious or cultural norms. Furthermore, we found features suggesting "behavioural inhibition" (considering that there is no validated scale for adults) including social inhibition, neuroticism, low novelty seeking, and inhibition to the unfamiliar, among others.…”

Fighter, Corpsman, Partisan an Attempt to Typify Former Soldiers Based on their Coping and Defense Mechanisms

“…Although critical opinions of typological constructs must be considered, it has to be stated that many of these concepts are well-known and are currently widely used, such as the Myers-Briggs-Test or the concept of Typus Melancholicus (Kronmüller et al 2005). Many of the theoretical models and classification experiments by famous scientists such as Karl Jaspers and Kurt Schneider are based on typological constructs and have made their way into some parts of today's classification systems such as the DSM-IV (Jäger et al 2016;Schäfer 2001).…”

Phenomenological Investigation of Despair in Depression

“…Several personality inventories have been developed and a personality pattern with the dimensions dependence, overidentification with social norms, perfectionism and intolerance of ambiguity identified [57] . The dimensions dependence, overidentification with social norms and perfectionism form a particular vulnerability in the face of inter-and intrapersonal normative issues, while intolerance of ambiguity refers to a lack of ability when it comes to dealing with new, complex and contradictory data.…”