Dimeric Termination of Living Polystyrene in the Reaction with Benzyl Chloride1

Takaki, Mikio; Asami, Ryuzo; Kuwata, Yoshiyasu

doi:10.1295/polymj.11.425

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Literature shows that grafting of poly(styryl lithium) (PSLi) without 1,1‐diphenylethylene (DPE) end capping leads to a relatively low (∼50–60%) grafting efficiency 42–44. Takaki et al45, 46 analyzed the reason behind this low grafting efficiency. They found that the mechanism was a halogen–lithium exchange reaction that competes with the grafting.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of HDPE/SEBS‐g‐MAH and its effect on mechanical properties of HDPE/wood flour composites

Shi

Chen

et al. 2007

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this article, high density polyethylene/ styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene block copolymer blends (HDPE/SEBS) grafted by maleic anhydride (HDPE/SEBSg-MAH), which is an effective compatibilizer for HDPE/ wood flour composites was prepared by means of torque rheometer with different contents of maleic anhydride (MAH). The experimental results indicated that MAH indeed grafted on HDPE/SEBS by FTIR analysis and the torque increased with increasing the content of maleic anhydride and dicumyl peroxide (DCP). Styrene may increase the graft reaction rate of MAH and HDPE/SEBS. When HDPE/SEBS MAH was added to HDPE/wood flour composites, tensile strength and flexural strength of composites can reach 25.9 and 34.8 MPa in comparison of 16.5 and 23.8 MPa (without HDPE/SEBS-g-MAH), increasing by 157 and 146%, respectively. Due to incorporation of thermoplastic elastomer in HDPE/SEBS-g-MAH, the Notched Izod impact strength reached 5.08 kJ m À2 , increasing by 145% in comparison of system without compatibilizer. That HDPE/SEBS-g-MAH improved the compatibility was also conformed by dynamic mechanical measurement. Scanning electron micrographs provided evidence for strong adhesion between wood flour and HDPE matrix with addition of HDPE/SEBS-g-MAH.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of HDPE/SEBS‐g‐MAH and its effect on mechanical properties of HDPE/wood flour composites

Shi

Chen

et al. 2007

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Possible side reactions can interfere with the use of VBC in the dendritic polystyrene synthesis. The reaction of living polystyryllithium with benzylic chloromethyl groups has been reported to encounter side reactions to some extent 27–31. The side products were revealed to be mainly the result of monomeric and dimeric termination of living polystyrene, and were determined to be highly dependent on the reaction solvent.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported that the use of a mixed solvent of hydrocarbon with enough aprotic polar solvent, such as THF, results in minimizing monomeric and dimeric termination of polystyryl anions in reactions with benzyl chloride. For example, the extent of dimeric termination of living polystyrene in the reaction with benzyl chloride in a mixture of benzene and THF decreased to as low as 2% when the amount of THF was increased to 29.4 vol % 29. Similarly, the reaction of polystyryllithium with an excess of p ‐VBC in a mixed solvent of benzene and THF (THF, ca.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polystyrene with dendritic branching by convergent living anionic polymerization. II. Approach using vinylbenzyl chloride

Knauss

Al‐Muallem

2000

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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Vinylbenzyl chloride (VBC) has been used as a coupling agent in Convergent Living Anionic Polymerization to produce polymers with dendritic branching. The slow addition of a stoichiometric amount of VBC to living polystyrene chains allows the coupling to proceed through macromonomer formation followed by vinyl addition. Changing the reaction conditions produced two types of structures. Star‐shaped polymers with a hyperbranched core were made by the continuous slow addition of VBC alone, and chain‐extended hyperbranched structures with varied molecular weight between branch points were produced by the slow addition of VBC mixed with different amounts of styrene monomer. The extent of growth of the two different types of structures ranged from 2.4 to 2.6 generations for the case of VBC added alone, corresponding to an average of 5.3 to 6.1 arms attached to the hyperbranched core, and from 3.2 to 4.2 generations for polymers produced from the addition of VBC mixed with styrene. Relatively low polydispersities were obtained for all samples. The highly branched nature of the polymers was reflected in the low intrinsic viscosity relative to linear polystyrene and in the dependence of glass‐transition temperature on the molecular weight relative to the number of end groups. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 4289–4298, 2000

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“…At first, a complete functionalization of the macromonomer cannot be expected with regard to the type of endfunctionalization reaction employed here. Cross coupling reactions of alkyllithium (either polymeric or low molecular) with alkyl bromides are known to tend to side reactions such as Wurtz-coupling, metal-halogen exchange or elimination [40][41][42] . Thus it can be expected, that the macromonomer is contaminated with unfunctionalized and dimeric polymer B chains.…”

Section: Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and morphology of ABC heteroarm star terpolymers of polystyrene, polybutadiene and poly(2-vinylpyridine)

Hückstädt¹,

Göpfert²,

Abetz³

2000

Macromol. Chem. Phys.

214

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Dimeric Termination of Living Polystyrene in the Reaction with Benzyl Chloride1

Cited by 21 publications

References 8 publications

Preparation of HDPE/SEBS‐g‐MAH and its effect on mechanical properties of HDPE/wood flour composites

Preparation of HDPE/SEBS‐g‐MAH and its effect on mechanical properties of HDPE/wood flour composites

Polystyrene with dendritic branching by convergent living anionic polymerization. II. Approach using vinylbenzyl chloride

Synthesis and morphology of ABC heteroarm star terpolymers of polystyrene, polybutadiene and poly(2-vinylpyridine)

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