Dimerization of Organic Dyes on Luminescent Gold Nanoparticles for Ratiometric pH Sensing

Sun, Shasha; Ning, Xuhui; Zhang, Greg; Wang, Yen Chung; Peng, Chuanqi; Zheng, Jie

doi:10.1002/anie.201509515

Cited by 54 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The intrinsic emission of AuNPs can simplify the data interpretation of fluorescence imaging and circumvent potential interference from organic dyes conjugated on the particles. 5) The intrinsic emission of AuNPs also makes it possible to design renal clearable fluorescent probes that can report on local chemical environment conditions, such as pH, in vivo …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renal Clearable Luminescent Gold Nanoparticles: From the Bench to the Clinic

Zheng

2019

Angew Chem Int Ed

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124

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With more and more engineered nanoparticles being translated to the clinic, FDA has recently issued a draft guidance on nanomaterial-containing drug products with an emphasis on understanding their in vivo transport and nano-bio interactions in the physiological environment; so that nanoparticles can be designed in a way that they can target and treat diseases more efficiently than small molecules, have minimum accumulation in the normal tissues and organs and induce minimum toxicity and health hazards. In this review, we integrate this guidance with our ten-year studies on developing renal clearable luminescent gold nanoparticles. These gold nanoparticles highly resist serum protein adsorption, escape the liver uptake, target cancerous tissues through enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, and report kidney dysfunction at early stages. In the meantime, "off-target" gold nanoparticles can be eliminated through the kidneys with minimum accumulation in the body. This revisit also allows us to identify future work towards the translation of renal clearable gold nanoparticles from bench to clinics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renal Clearable Luminescent Gold Nanoparticles: From the Bench to the Clinic

Zheng

2019

Angew Chem Int Ed

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124

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“…On the other hand, fluorescent nanoparticle‐based sensors were developed to measure the pH change in living compartments. These sensors were based on different carrier platforms like polymers, graphene oxide, silicon, gold nanoparticles, or carbon nanodots . In addition to features like strong fluorescence, photo stability, water solubility, and biocompatibility is the possibility to couple pH‐sensitive and insensitive dyes (reference dyes) on the same carrier to enable ratiometric measurements of the pH inside biological systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Validation of Functional Nanogels as pH‐Sensors in the Hair Follicle

Dimde

Sahle

Wycisk

et al. 2017

Macromolecular Bioscience

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Patzelt et al. have described the size-dependent uptake of 100-1000 nm sized nanoparticles into the HF. Mediumsized nanoparticles (500-700 nm) achieved a maximum in penetration depth, [4] due to the surface structure of the hair and the hair follicle. Particles that are of the same size thickness of the keratin cells (530 nm in human hair and 320 nm in porcine hair) can be easily transported into the HF. The movements of the hair acts as a pumping system. Thus, the optimum size is also dependent on the species. [5,6] But even if the particles penetrate into the HF, they will not pass the follicular barrier. Consequently, the particles could be used as a transport system for drugs. Particles in the required nanoscale range can be produced in various ways. [7][8][9] A possibility to achieve particles in the nanometer range is the synthesis of nanogels which exist of crosslinked polymer chains and form 3D nanosized networks. [10,11] They can be prepared by mini [12][13][14][15] and microemulsion. [16,17] In this case reactive macromolecules are templated into stabilized droplets and then reacted to the desired nanoparticles. However, high energy input by ultrasonication or large amounts of surfactants are needed to stabilize the droplet reactors. To avoid these harsh In the present study, a pH responsive dendritic polyglycerol nanogel (dPG-NG) is developed to measure the pH values inside the hair follicle (HF) using an ex vivo porcine ear model. The macromolecular precursors are labeled with a pH sensitive indodicarbocyanine dye (pH-IDCC) and a control dye (indocarbocyanine dye: ICC) and crosslinked via a mild and surfactantfree Thiol-Michael reaction using an inverse nanoprecipitation method. With this method, it is possible to prepare tailor-made particles in the range of 100 nm to 1 µm with a narrow polydispersity. The dPG-NGs are characterized using dynamic light scattering, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and atomic force microscopy. Systematic analysis of confocal microscope images of histological sections of the skin enables accurate determination of the pH gradient inside the HF. The results show that these novel pH-nanosensors deeply penetrate the skin via the follicular pathway and the pH of the pig hair follicles increase from 6.5 at the surface of the skin to 7.4 in deeper areas of the HF. The pH-nanosensor shows no toxicity potentials.

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“…[5] For instance, strong size-dependent luminescence has been observed from Au nanoclusters (NCs) encapsulated by amine-terminated dendrimers: following a free-electron model, their emission maxima were shifted from UV to IR with a size increase from Au 5 to Au 31 . [1a] In contrast, coated with a thiolate ligand glutathione (GSH), the same sized AuNPs (2~3 nm) can exhibit different colored emissions at either 600 nm [6] or 810 nm [3a, 7] .…”

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confidence: 99%

Luminescent Gold Nanoparticles with Size‐Independent Emission

et al. 2016

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Size-independent emissions have been widely observed from ultrasmall thiolated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) but remain a mystery in fundamental understanding of photoluminescence mechanisms of noble metals on the nanoscale. Herein, we report a correlation between emission wavelengths and local binding geometries of a thiolate ligand (glutathione) on AuNPs with identical size (~2.5 nm) but two distinct emission wavelengths. Using circular dichroism, X-ray absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies, we found that high Au-S coordination number (CN)/high surface coverage resulted in strong Au(I)-ligand charge transfer, chiral conformation and 600 nm emission while low Au-S CN/low surface coverage led to weak charge transfer, achiral conformation and 810 nm emission. By fine tuning of surface coverage, these two size-independent emissions can be integrated into one single 2.5 nm AuNP, where a ratiometric pH response was observed due to strong energy transfer between two emission centers, opening up a new path to design ultrasmall ratiomteric pH nanoindicators.

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Dimerization of Organic Dyes on Luminescent Gold Nanoparticles for Ratiometric pH Sensing

Cited by 54 publications

References 40 publications

Renal Clearable Luminescent Gold Nanoparticles: From the Bench to the Clinic

Renal Clearable Luminescent Gold Nanoparticles: From the Bench to the Clinic

Synthesis and Validation of Functional Nanogels as pH‐Sensors in the Hair Follicle

Luminescent Gold Nanoparticles with Size‐Independent Emission

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