Dimethachlon Resistance in <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i> in China

Zhou, Feng; Zhang, Xiaolei; Li, Jinli; Zhu, Fuxing

doi:10.1094/pdis-10-13-1072-re

Cited by 76 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…These results indicate that no selection pressure is required during the initial phase of fenhexamid resistance in B. cinerea , which is similar to the emergence of dimethachlon resistance in Chinese populations of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum reported by Zhou et al. ().…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…These results are therefore in contrast to those of another study in which site‐directed mutation of the erg27 gene resulted in reduced mycelial growth as well as reduced sclerotia production under extreme conditions (Billard et al., ). However, it is interesting to note that all of the resistant isolates tested in the current study were significantly more resistant to osmotic stress than the sensitive ones, especially because previous studies of dicarboximide‐resistant isolates of B. cinerea (Cui, Beever, & Parkes, ) and Alternaria brassicicola (Ma & Michailides, ) produced under laboratory conditions, and dimethachlon‐resistant isolates of S. sclerotiorum collected in the field (Zhou et al., ), exhibited greater osmotic sensitivity and decreased virulence. Such differences likely reflect the different molecular mechanisms responsible for resistance to these different types of fungicide.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

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Occurrence of fenhexamid resistance in Botrytis cinerea from greenhouse strawberries in China

Zhou

Lü

Zhang

et al. 2017

Journal of Phytopathology

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This study assessed the fenhexamid sensitivity of 143 Botrytis cinerea isolates collected from greenhouse strawberries in five regions of China between 2012 and 2013, and identified four isolates with moderate levels of resistance: two from the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and two from Hebei Province. The baseline fenhexamid sensitivity of B. cinerea exhibited a unimodal distribution with a mean EC50 value of 0.20 ± 0.10 μg/ml (SD). The EC50 values of the fenhexamid‐resistant isolates ranged from 0.05 to 0.40 μg/ml. Molecular analysis of the fenhexamid target gene erg27 revealed that the resistant isolates collected from Xinjiang (163‐6 and 163‐22) contained three mutations that led to amino acid changes (V365A, E368D and A378T) known to be associated with fenhexamid resistance, but that the isolates from Hebei lacked any mutations, indicating that an alternative mechanism could be responsible for their resistance. Most of the biological characteristics of the fenhexamid‐resistant isolates, such as mycelial growth, sclerotia production and pathogenicity, did not significantly differ from those of the sensitive ones (p ≤ .05), but it was noted that some of the resistant isolates exhibited reduced rates of sporulation and spore germination. In addition, the resistant isolates exhibited lower osmotic sensitivity than the sensitive ones. The study found no evidence of cross‐resistance with other fungicides, but that there was negative cross‐resistance with procymidone, iprodione, carbendazim and pyraclostrobin, which indicates that the inclusion of these fungicides within an integrated pest management (IPM) programme could help to minimize the risk of fenhexamid resistance developing in B. cinerea.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Occurrence of fenhexamid resistance in Botrytis cinerea from greenhouse strawberries in China

Zhou

Lü

Zhang

et al. 2017

Journal of Phytopathology

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“…The dicarboximide fungicide dimethachlon has been widely used to control Sclerotinia stem rot in China. Reduced sensitivity and high levels of resistance to dimethachlon in S. scle rotiorum isolates has been reported (24,38). Up to the present, to our knowledge, there has been no report on stimulations of sublethal doses of a fungicide on mycelial growth in vitro or virulence in vivo of S. sclerotiorum.…”

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confidence: 94%

Stimulatory Effects of Sublethal Doses of Dimethachlon on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Zhou

Liang

et al. 2014

Plant Disease

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A b s t r a c t -X. 2014. Stimulatory effects of sublethal doses of dimethachlon on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Plant Dis. 98:1364-1370.Growth and virulence stimulations of sublethal doses of fungicides on plant-pathogenic fungi and oomycetes have been reported and the stimulatory effects are potentially relevant to plant disease manage ment. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is one of the most devastating and eco nomically important necrotrophic fungal phytopathogens, capable of infecting more than 400 species of plants worldwide. In order to study stimulatory effects of sublethal doses of fungicides on S. sclerotiorum, 55 dimethachlon-sensitive isolates and 3 dimethachlon-resistant iso lates of S. sclerotiorum were assayed to determine effects of sublethal doses of dimethachlon on mycelial growth rate on potato dextrose agar (PDA) media and virulence on oilseed rape plants. Results showed that all 3 dimethachlon-resistant isolates and 13 of the 55 sensitive isolates exhibited stimulatory responses to sublethal doses of dimethachlon.Dimethachlon-resistant isolates grew significantly (P < 0.05) faster on PDA media amended with dimethachlon at 0.5 to 4 pg/ml than on fungicide-free PDA media. As for virulence on detached leaves of oilseed rape plants, lesion diameters of dimethachlon-resistant isolates after growth on PDA media amended with dimethachlon at 0.5 to 2 pg/ml were significantly larger (P < 0.05) than the control. The maxi mum stimulatory effects were 42.40 to 59.80%. In pot experiments, for both dimethachlon-sensitive and -resistant isolates, significant (P < 0.05) virulence stimulations were observed after spraying with di methachlon at a concentration of 2 pg/ml. After growing on dimethachlon-amended PDA media, H20 2 sensitivity of S. sclerotiorum de creased significantly (P < 0.05) compared with the nonamended PDA control.At present, fungicides still play an essential and, in most cases, maybe the most important role in successful and effective plant disease management. When controlling fungal and oomycete plant pathogens by application of fungicides, a small amount of phyto pathogens will inevitably be exposed to sublethal doses of fungi cides. Exposure to sublethal doses of fungicides can occur under diverse circumstances, such as inappropriate fungicide applica tions, in combination with other fungicides with different active ingredient, and emergence of fungicide-resistant strains (16,26). Normal doses of fungicides for sensitive phytopathogen strains are perhaps sublethal doses for fungicide-resistant strains. In most experiments, researchers are mainly interested in effects of normal (high) doses of fungicides on plant pathogens, and effects of suble thal doses of fungicides have been largely ignored.In experiments to test in vitro sensitivity of Sclerotinia scleroti orum (Lib.) de Bary to fungicide, we noticed that some isolates grew faster on potato dextrose agar (PDA) media amended with sublethal doses of fungicides than on fungicide-free PDA media. There have been some reports of plant pathogen growth...

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“…Resistant populations of S. sclerotiorum against benomyl, which belongs to the same fungicidal class, have been detected in Canada (Gossen et al 2001). Generally in China, which has an annual oilseed rape area of more than 7 million hectars (Zhou et al 2014), a lot of resistant mutants of S. sclerotiorum have been found; strains resistant to fludioxonil (Kuang et al 2011), dimethachlon (Zhou et al 2014), and boscalid mutants (Wang et al 2015) were mostly obtained under laboratory conditions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Control of plant sap-sucking insects using entomopathogenic fungi Isaria fumosorosea strain (Ifu13a)

Ali¹,

Cao²,

Wang³

et al. 2018

Plant Prot. Sci.

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Poslušná J. Plachká E., Mazáková J. (2018): Influence of selected fungicides registered in the Czech Republic for winter oilseed rape on in vitro Sclerotinia sclerotiorum mycelial growth. Plant Protect. Sci., 54: 101-110.The baseline sensitivity of 55 isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, collected from oilseed rape in 6 regions of the Czech Republic, to selected fungicides was determined during the period 2013-2015. One single-component fungicide -Horizon (tebuconazole), and four multicomponent fungicides -Pictor (boscalid, dimoxystrobin), Efilor (boscalid, metconazole), Prosaro 250 EC (prothioconazole, tebuconazole), and Propulse (fluopyram, prothioconazole), were chosen as these are commonly used locally. The effect of each fungicide on the in vitro pathogen radial mycelial growth and EC 50 values for the respective fungicides were determined. The following MIC values were estimated; for the fungicides Horizon 250 EW, Efilor, and Propulse the mean MIC values ranged between 0.125 and 0.250 µl/ml, for Prosaro 250 EC ranged between 0.0625 and 0.125 µl/ml, and for Pictor ranged from 0.00781 to 0.01562 µl/ml. No strains of S. sclerotiorum resistant to the tested fungicides were detected and the growth of all isolates was fully inhibited at concentrations corresponding to their registered dose rates. The highest fungicidal efficacy on the collected S. sclerotiorum isolates was recorded for Pictor, followed by Prosaro 250 with an EC 50 value 0.05856 µl/ml and then the remaining fungicides Propulse, Efilor, and Horizon 250 EW (EC 50 values 0.07277, 0.07221, and 0.08519 µl/ml, respectively).

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Dimethachlon Resistance in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in China

Cited by 76 publications

References 25 publications

Occurrence of fenhexamid resistance in Botrytis cinerea from greenhouse strawberries in China

Occurrence of fenhexamid resistance in Botrytis cinerea from greenhouse strawberries in China

Stimulatory Effects of Sublethal Doses of Dimethachlon on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Control of plant sap-sucking insects using entomopathogenic fungi Isaria fumosorosea strain (Ifu13a)

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