Dimethyl Carbonate Production Process from Urea and Methanol

Dimethyl Carbonate Synthesis from Urea Methanolysis over ZnO–Nb2O5–TiO2 Mixed Oxide Catalysts

“…It is believed that the formation of MC is thermodynamically favored compared to DMC. , However, based on the Le Chatelier principle, in batch reactors, urea conversion cannot reach 100% because of the problem of removing ammonia gas, as well as the MC conversion. Moreover, lower temperatures and also lower concentrations of DMC prevent the formation of methylation products such as N -methyl MC (NMMC).…”

“…Moreover, lower temperatures and also lower concentrations of DMC prevent the formation of methylation products such as N -methyl MC (NMMC). Although better results are obtained in the distilling reactor, batch conditions can produce acceptable results…”

Alternative carbon dioxide utilization in dimethyl carbonate synthesis and comparison with current technologies

“…( 7)): (7) where is the reference electricity demand for each compressor (Table 4). Alternatively, methanol can be directly bought from an external source with a price of 0.330 $/kg [30] and an associated production emission of 0.671 kg CO 2 -eq/kg (Ecoinvent Database 3.5, Global market [37]). The cost ( , in $/s) of the methanol synthesis stage is calculated as follows (Eq.…”

“…As far as we know, this type of study on the methanol oxycarbonylation process has never been undertaken, since the direct CO 2 [26,27], urea [28][29][30] and ethylene carbonate routes [18] tend to take the spotlight in terms of CO 2 consumption in DMC synthesis. With this work, we intend to shed some light on an understudied process from the CO 2 utilization perspective, which has the potential to be on par with, or even surpass, other CO 2 consuming DMC production technologies.…”

Ethers and esters as alternative fuels for internal combustion engine: A review

“…In addition, DMC can also be synthesized from DME and CO 2 (R8), or from urea and methanol under the action of catalyst. 38 Since the production of DMC can reduce the emission of greenhouse gas CO 2 , it has good environmental performance. DMC can also improve the sustainable economy of the biodiesel production process, such as using various alkali and enzyme catalysts to effectively convert glycerol into high-value glycerol carbonate.…”