Dimethyl Itaconate Inhibits Melanogenesis in B16F10 Cells

Yu, Bo-Yeong; Ngo, Hoang Hai; Choi, Won Jun; Keum, Young‐Sam

doi:10.3390/antiox12030692

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The PAX3 gene is first expressed in embryonic neural crest precursor cells and plays an important role in the differentiation and migration of melanoblasts into melanocytes during this process [ 24 ]. In addition, TYR is the rate-limiting enzyme for melanin synthesis, which is widely expressed and present in melanocytes [ 25 ]. And MITF regulates the expression of TYR and Karin used immunocytochemical staining of MITF protein to study the mechanism of melanin synthesis in melanocytes [ 26 ], which suggests that MITF is expressed in melanocytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combine with RNA-seq Reveals the Effect of Melatonin in the Synthesis of Melanin in Primary Melanocytes of Silky Fowls Black-Bone Chicken

Yang,

Qiu,

Chen

et al. 2023

Genes

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(1) Background: It was found that the melanin of black-bone chicken has various effects such as scavenging DPPH free radicals and anti-oxidation, and the synthesis of melanin is affected by various factors including hormones. In addition, several studies have found that melatonin affects the melanoma cell synthesis of melanin, which has not been reported in chicken primary melanocytes; so, relevant studies were conducted. (2) Methods: In this study, chicken primary melanocytes were isolated and characterized, and then melanocytes were treated with different concentrations of melatonin to investigate the effects of melatonin on melanin synthesis in chicken melanocytes in terms of melanin synthesis-related genes, melanin content, and tyrosinase activity, and combined with RNA seq to detect the change in gene expression level of chicken melanocytes after melatonin treatment. (3) Results: We isolated and characterized primary melanocytes, and indirect immunofluorescence assay results showed positive melanocyte marker genes. RT-qPCR results showed that melatonin decreased the expression of melanin synthesis-related genes. In addition, melatonin reduced the melanin content and decreased the tyrosinase activity of melanocytes in the treated group. A total of 1703 differentially expressed genes were screened by RNA-seq, and in addition, in the KEGG results, the signaling pathway associated with melanin synthesis, and the mTOR signaling pathway were enriched. (4) Conclusions: Melatonin could decrease the synthesis of melanin in chicken primary melanocytes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combine with RNA-seq Reveals the Effect of Melatonin in the Synthesis of Melanin in Primary Melanocytes of Silky Fowls Black-Bone Chicken

Yang,

Qiu,

Chen

et al. 2023

Genes

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“…This melanogenic process triggers the activation of the multiplayer transcription factor MITF, which regulates tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2. Therefore, the blocking of tyrosinase-related signaling pathways prevents the early stages of melanogenesis and benefits the skin-whitening response [ 30 , 31 ]. Previously, hydroquinone, arbutin, and kojic acid were used as inhibitors of melanogenesis for hyperpigmentation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Macrophages activated via LPS stimulation activate the MAPK signaling pathway, including ERK, p38, and JNK, to produce a variety of proinflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators. Therefore, we next performed Western blot experiments to elucidate the involvement of MAPK signaling as a mechanism through which 3,6′-DMC inhibits the inflammatory response of RAW 264.7 cells [ 30 , 31 ]. As shown in Figure 12 , the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and p38 by LPS in RAW 264.7 cells was attenuated in the presence of 3,6′-DMC, indicating the ability of 3,6′-DMC to downregulate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators through the MAPK signaling pathway.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of 2′-Hydroxy-3,6′-Dimethoxychalcone on Melanogenesis and Inflammation

Bae

Hyun

2023

IJMS

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In this study, we demonstrated that 2′-hydroxy-3,6′-dimethoxychalcone (3,6′-DMC) alleviated α-MSH-induced melanogenesis and lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced inflammation in mouse B16F10 and RAW 264.7 cells. In vitro analysis results showed that the melanin content and intracellular tyrosinase activity were significantly decreased by 3,6′-DMC, without cytotoxicity, via decreases in tyrosinase and the tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1) and TRP-2 melanogenic proteins, as well as the downregulation of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) expression through the upregulation of the phosphorylation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β)/catenin, and downregulation of the phosphorylation of p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and protein kinase A (PKA). Furthermore, we investigated the effect of 3,6′-DMC on macrophage RAW264.7 cells with LPS stimulation. 3,6′-DMC significantly inhibited LPS-stimulated nitric oxide production. 3,6′-DMC also suppressed the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 on the protein level. In addition, 3,6′-DMC decreased the production of the tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6. Successively, our mechanistic studies revealed that 3,6′-DMC also suppressed the LPS-induced phosphorylation of the inhibitor of IκBα, p38MAPK, ERK, and JNK. The Western blot assay results showed that 3,6′-DMC suppresses LPS-induced p65 translocation from cytosol to the nucleus. Finally, the topical applicability of 3,6′-DMC was tested through primary skin irritation, and it was found that 3,6′-DMC, at 5 and 10 μM concentrations, did not cause any adverse effects. Therefore, 3,6′-DMC may provide a potential candidate for preventing and treating melanogenic and inflammatory skin diseases.

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“…The process is initiated by tyrosinase, which plays a vital role as a rate-limiting enzyme in the early steps of the biosynthesis pathway that produces melanin pigment [11]. Tyrosinase catalyzes the oxidation of tyrosine to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) and dopaquinone, a process regulated by microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) [12][13][14]. Dopaquinone is naturally oxidized and converted into dopamine [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequently, the reaction product dopachrome, which is formed by oxidation and enzymatic reactions, is converted to 5,6dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA) by tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-2, and 2 of 21 dark-colored eumelanin is produced by TRP-1 [11,[15][16][17][18]. In addition to its role in melanin synthesis, MITF is also involved in the survival and differentiation of melanocytes, and MITF upregulation has been identified in melanoma [13,19,20]. Conversely, pale skin in the elderly has been associated with reduced tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis due to aging [21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory Effects of Fermented Sprouted Oat Extracts on Oxidative Stress and Melanin Overproduction

Cho,

Yang,

Kang

et al. 2024

Antioxidants

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Hyperpigmentation occurs due to irregular secretion of melanin pigment in the skin. This can affect quality of life depending on its severity, so prevention and management are essential. Oats (Avena sativa L.), a grain consumed worldwide, are known to offer improved health benefits upon germination and fermentation. This study is aimed to investigate the protective effects of lactobacilli-fermented sprouted oat extracts on oxidative stress and melanin overproduction in vitro. The anti-melanogenic effect was investigated using melanin content and tyrosinase activity assays in B16F10 cells, as well as a mushroom tyrosinase-based enzyme inhibition assay. The results showed that L. casei-fermented oat extracts were the most effective for reducing melanin formation by reducing the mRNA expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, tyrosinase, and tyrosinase-related protein 2 mRNA expression. Furthermore, L. casei fermentation was effective in improving the total phenolic, flavonoid, and avenanthramide A contents of sprouted oat extracts. The results also demonstrated the antioxidant effects of L. casei-fermented sprouted oat extracts in promoting DPPH radical-scavenging activity, superoxide dismutase-like activity, and reduction in reactive oxygen species levels. Overall, the findings indicate that fermented sprouted oat extracts are promising candidates for antioxidant and anti-hyperpigmentation treatments.

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Dimethyl Itaconate Inhibits Melanogenesis in B16F10 Cells

Cited by 4 publications

References 46 publications

Combine with RNA-seq Reveals the Effect of Melatonin in the Synthesis of Melanin in Primary Melanocytes of Silky Fowls Black-Bone Chicken

Combine with RNA-seq Reveals the Effect of Melatonin in the Synthesis of Melanin in Primary Melanocytes of Silky Fowls Black-Bone Chicken

The Effects of 2′-Hydroxy-3,6′-Dimethoxychalcone on Melanogenesis and Inflammation

Inhibitory Effects of Fermented Sprouted Oat Extracts on Oxidative Stress and Melanin Overproduction

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