Dimethylsulfide (DMS) production by size-fractionated particles in the Labrador Sea

Cantin, Guy; Levasseur, Maurice; Schultes, Sabine; Michaud, Sonia

doi:10.3354/ame019307

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Ledyard & Dacey (1994) speculated that this might indicate that bacteria are adapted to high DMSP d concentrations such as might be found in close association with cells and particles. This is supported by the observation by Cantin et al (1999) that high potential rates of DMS production are associated with the particulate fraction in natural seawater samples. Microenvironments of high dissolved organic carbon concentration are postulated to exist around phytoplankton cells and in aggregates of marine snow (Azam & Ammerman 1984, Mitchell et al 1985, Bowen et al 1993, Blackburn et al 1998.…”

Section: Short-term Kinetics Of Dms Productionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Production and consumption of dimethylsulfide (DMS) in North Atlantic waters

Scarratt¹,

Levasseur²,

Schultes³

et al. 2000

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Production and consumption of dimethylsulfide (DMS) were studied in surface waters of the northwest Atlantic between latitude 32°and 45°N during May 1998. The kinetics of DMS production by the whole planktonic community were studied in short-term (3 h) experiments using additions of dissolved dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP d ) (0 to 3000 nM). Measurements of DMS production and DMSP d consumption showed that the DMS production rate increased in direct proportion to the concentration of added DMSP d . This rate relationship did not saturate, suggesting acclimation of the microbial community to DMSP d concentrations much higher than the average for bulk seawater. Longer-term experiments were performed in which DMSP d consumption and DMS production were measured over 48 to 60 h. The DMSP d consumption rate decreased as the concentration of DMSP d decreased during the incubations. However, the DMS production rate was initially constant for the first 36 h. When DMSP d concentrations fell below 50 nM, DMS production stopped, even though DMSP d consumption continued. A possible explanation is that DMSP cleavage might dominate the total DMSP consumption at high DMSP d concentrations while DMSP demethylation and other processes dominate at low DMSP d concentrations. DMS consumption was measured both directly and by using the DMS consumption inhibitors dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) and methyl butyl ether (MBE). DMS consumption was generally undetectable except at 1 station dominated by a dense population of the DMSP-producing phytoplankton Chrysochromulina sp. and where ambient DMS concentrations were high. This suggests that the potential for DMS consumption is highest where ambient DMS levels are elevated. Pooling results from these experiments with earlier results from more northerly waters revealed an inverse exponential relationship (r 2 = 0.75, p < 0.0001) between the potential rate constant and chlorophyll a standing stock across a wide area of the Northwest Atlantic. This finding is potentially useful for the development of DMS production models.

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Section: Short-term Kinetics Of Dms Productionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Production and consumption of dimethylsulfide (DMS) in North Atlantic waters

Scarratt¹,

Levasseur²,

Schultes³

et al. 2000

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…The latter was taken to suggest that algal DMSP lyase "may contribute significantly to DMS production from DMSPp during bloom situations in the field." This and other studies (19) indicate that bacteria accompanying phytoplankton blooms, such as these high DMSPp-containing colonial forms, are not responsible for all the DMS produced during senescence. Finally, evidence indicates that phytoplankton senescence and the concomitant DMS production are linked to nutrient deficiency (97), which is believed to be responsible for the "crash" of most blooms.…”

Section: Linking Phytoplankton Dmsp To the Microbial Food Webmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…The number of these epiphytes that were DMSP utilizers is unknown. In another study, phytoplankton particles Ͼ20 m in size had high rates of DMS production (from added DMSP) compared to 0.7-to 2-m-sized particles (free-living bacteria), which were negligible (19). The higher rates of DMS production by the larger particles were due either to attached bacteria or to the size of the phytoplankton cells; the researchers speculated that it might be due to attached bacteria.…”

Section: Bacterial Degradation Of Dmspmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Cantin et al (19) suggested that microbes with these lowaffinity DMSP-cleaving systems might solve this apparent dilemma by attaching or closely associating, probably via chemotactic attraction (139), to phytoplankton cells, as DMS production was correlated with filter fractions (Ͼ20 m) having high DMSPp levels. Such attachment was particularly high during senescence (100), when the high millimolar levels of DMSP are leaking from high DMSP-containing species of phytoplankton (Table 2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dimethylsulfoniopropionate: Its Sources, Role in the Marine Food Web, and Biological Degradation to Dimethylsulfide

Yoch

2002

Appl Environ Microbiol

401

354

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The massive quantities of phytoplankton in the North Atlantic and Antarctic oceans producing dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) as an osmoprotectant, much of which is degraded by marine bacteria to dimethylsulfide (DMS), ensures an important role for both compounds in the global sulfur cycle. The closest to a comprehensive review on this topic is a book of symposium proceedings edited by Kiene et al. (75); the more recent developments related specifically to DMSP degradation by microbial communities are found elsewhere (68). This article is more comprehensive, as it includes some of the earlier literature in describing the sources of DMSP, its release and linkage to the marine (primarily microbial) food web and subsequent degradation via cleavage to DMS and acrylic acid or demethylation and demethiolation to methanethiol.DMS production from DMSP has long been associated with marine algae according to the following reaction (20, 22):DMSP is a tertiary sulfonium compound produced in high concentration by certain species of marine algae and plant halophytes for the regulation of their internal osmotic environment (1,41,47,120), although its role in plants remains unclear. This alga-associated, i.e., particulate DMSP (DMSPp), when released into the marine environment as dissolved DMSP (DMSPd), can serve as a link between primary production and the microbial population, as it is readily degraded by chemoheterotrophic bacteria (59). DMSP turnover usually exceeds DMS production in natural waters (60) because DMSP is also demethylated to 3-methiolpropionate, which can be further demethylated to 3-mercaptopropionate or demethiolated, releasing methanethiol (72,118). These reactions will be discussed in more detail below.The biogeochemical significance of DMSP cleavage was first suggested in 1972, when DMS was found to be universally present in seawater and emitted at a significant rate to the atmosphere (87). It was proposed that DMS, rather than H 2 S from coastal waters and mud flats, was the missing gaseous sulfur compound needed to enable the steady-state flow of sulfur between marine and terrestrial environments, making DMS emissions a key step in the global sulfur cycle (87). Atmospheric H 2 S, which arises primarily from dissimilatory sulfate reduction in organic matter-rich environments, could never be measured in sufficient quantity to be the vehicle for transferring large quantities of sulfur from sea to air to land.The total annual flux of biogenic DMS released to the atmosphere ranges from 28 to 45 Tg of S year Ϫ1 , at least 10-fold higher than from all other sources (Table 1). Recent, more comprehensive calculations of global annual DMS flux from the oceans gave values that ranged from 13 to 37 Tg of S year Ϫ1 (57). This sea-to-air flux represents about 50% of the global biogenic sulfur flux to the atmosphere (3). However, anthropogenic sulfur emissions dominate the sulfur flux, representing 80 to 90% of the input to the global sulfur cycle (12,23,88).The magnitude of the marine DMS emissions is all the more ...

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“…Niki et al (2000) calculated that the algal lyase pathway is as important as the bacterial lyase pathway, in samples from Tokyo Bay. Also other size fractionation experiments have shown that lyase activity is often associated with the large size fractions (Cantin et al 1999;Scarratt et al 2000), although it cannot be excluded that attached bacteria are partly responsible for this activity. In a modelling study of the seasonal evolution of DMS in the Southern Bight of the North Sea, van den Berg et al (1996) showed that the presence of an algal DMSP-lyase associated with the occurrence of Phaeocystis was essential to properly describe the DMS spring peak.…”

Section: Maintenance Of Intracellular Dmsp Concentration: Algal Dmsp-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental constraints on the production and removal of the climatically active gas dimethylsulphide (DMS) and implications for ecosystem modelling

et al. 2007

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Seawater concentrations of the climatecooling, volatile sulphur compound dimethylsulphide (DMS) are the result of numerous production and consumption processes within the marine ecosystem. Due to this complex nature, it is difficult to predict temporal and geographical distribution patterns of DMS concentrations and the inclusion of DMS into global ocean climate models has only been attempted recently. Comparisons between individual model predictions, and ground-truthing exercises revealed that information on the functional relationships between physical and chemical ecosystem parameters, biological productivity and the production and consumption of DMS and its precursor dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP) is necessary to further refine future climate models. In this review an attempt is made to quantify these functional relationships. The description of processes includes: (1) parameters controlling DMSP production such as species composition and abiotic factors; (2) the conversion of DMSP to DMS by algal and bacterial enzymes; (3) the fate of DMSPsulphur due to, e.g., grazing, microbial consumption and sedimentation and (4) factors controlling DMS removal from the water column such as microbial consumption, photo-oxidation and emission to the atmosphere. We recommend the differentiation of six phytoplankton groups for inclusion in future models: eukaryotic and prokaryotic picoplankton, diatoms, dinoflagellates, and other phytoflagellates with and without DMSP-lyase activity. These functional groups are characterised by their cell size, DMSP content, DMSP-lyase activity and interactions with herbivorous grazers. In this review, emphasis is given to ecosystems dominated by the globally relevant haptophytes Emiliania huxleyi and Phaeocystis sp., which are important DMS and DMSP producers.

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Dimethylsulfide (DMS) production by size-fractionated particles in the Labrador Sea

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

Production and consumption of dimethylsulfide (DMS) in North Atlantic waters

Production and consumption of dimethylsulfide (DMS) in North Atlantic waters

Dimethylsulfoniopropionate: Its Sources, Role in the Marine Food Web, and Biological Degradation to Dimethylsulfide

Environmental constraints on the production and removal of the climatically active gas dimethylsulphide (DMS) and implications for ecosystem modelling

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