Dimethylsulfide (DMS) production in polar oceans may be resilient to ocean acidification

Hopkins, Frances E.; Stephens, John A.; Moore, C. M.; Richier, Sophie; Cripps, Gemma; Archer, Stephen D.

doi:10.5194/bg-2018-55

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…An experimental assessment of the impact of ocean acidification on DMS-producing planktonic communities of Baffin Bay during NETCARE (Hussherr et al, 2017) revealed that DMS production may decrease by 25 % under end-of-the-century scenario reductions of pH ( pH T = −0.48), confirming results observed in another Arctic study in the Svalbard archipelago which showed a 35 % decrease in DMS production (Archer et al, 2013). Other studies, however, have suggested that organisms thriving in Arctic waters may already be resilient to moderate or J. P. D. Abbatt et al: Overview paper: New insights into aerosol and climate in the Arctic acute natural fluctuations in pH, exhibiting a high capacity to compensate for modifications in pH (Hoppe et al, 2018) and no significant changes in DMS following acidification (Hopkins et al, 2018). Further experimentation is needed to identify the underlying causes for these contrasting DMS responses to ocean acidification in Arctic waters.…”

Section: Marine and Coastal Biogenic Aerosol Precursorssupporting

confidence: 78%

Overview paper: New insights into aerosol and climate in the Arctic

et al. 2019

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Abstract. Motivated by the need to predict how the Arctic atmosphere will change in a warming world, this article summarizes recent advances made by the research consortium NETCARE (Network on Climate and Aerosols: Addressing Key Uncertainties in Remote Canadian Environments) that contribute to our fundamental understanding of Arctic aerosol particles as they relate to climate forcing. The overall goal of NETCARE research has been to use an interdisciplinary approach encompassing extensive field observations and a range of chemical transport, earth system, and biogeochemical models. Several major findings and advances have emerged from NETCARE since its formation in 2013. (1) Unexpectedly high summertime dimethyl sulfide (DMS) levels were identified in ocean water (up to 75 nM) and the overlying atmosphere (up to 1 ppbv) in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA). Furthermore, melt ponds, which are widely prevalent, were identified as an important DMS source (with DMS concentrations of up to 6 nM and a potential contribution to atmospheric DMS of 20 % in the study area). (2) Evidence of widespread particle nucleation and growth in the marine boundary layer was found in the CAA in the summertime, with these events observed on 41 % of days in a 2016 cruise. As well, at Alert, Nunavut, particles that are newly formed and grown under conditions of minimal anthropogenic influence during the months of July and August are estimated to contribute 20 % to 80 % of the 30–50 nm particle number density. DMS-oxidation-driven nucleation is facilitated by the presence of atmospheric ammonia arising from seabird-colony emissions, and potentially also from coastal regions, tundra, and biomass burning. Via accumulation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), a significant fraction of the new particles grow to sizes that are active in cloud droplet formation. Although the gaseous precursors to Arctic marine SOA remain poorly defined, the measured levels of common continental SOA precursors (isoprene and monoterpenes) were low, whereas elevated mixing ratios of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) were inferred to arise via processes involving the sea surface microlayer. (3) The variability in the vertical distribution of black carbon (BC) under both springtime Arctic haze and more pristine summertime aerosol conditions was observed. Measured particle size distributions and mixing states were used to constrain, for the first time, calculations of aerosol–climate interactions under Arctic conditions. Aircraft- and ground-based measurements were used to better establish the BC source regions that supply the Arctic via long-range transport mechanisms, with evidence for a dominant springtime contribution from eastern and southern Asia to the middle troposphere, and a major contribution from northern Asia to the surface. (4) Measurements of ice nucleating particles (INPs) in the Arctic indicate that a major source of these particles is mineral dust, likely derived from local sources in the summer and long-range transport in the spring. In addition, INPs are abundant in the sea surface microlayer in the Arctic, and possibly play a role in ice nucleation in the atmosphere when mineral dust concentrations are low. (5) Amongst multiple aerosol components, BC was observed to have the smallest effective deposition velocities to high Arctic snow (0.03 cm s−1).

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Section: Marine and Coastal Biogenic Aerosol Precursorssupporting

confidence: 78%

Overview paper: New insights into aerosol and climate in the Arctic

et al. 2019

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“…However, other factors affecting regional ocean biogeochemistry will also be important, such as natural variability in carbonate chemistry and the buffering capacity of the ocean surface (Hopkins et al, 2018).…”

Section: The Claw Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Reviews and syntheses: Marine biogenic aerosols and the ecophysiology of coral reefs

Jackson

Gabric

Cropp

et al. 2019

Preprint

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Coral reefs are being threatened by global climate change, with ocean warming and acidification, compounded by declining water quality in many coastal systems, adversely affecting coral health and cover. This is of great concern as coral reefs provide numerous ecosystem, economic and social services. Corals are also recognized as being amongst the strongest individual sources of natural atmospheric sulfur, through stress-induced emissions of dimethylsulfide (DMS). In the clean marine boundary layer, biogenic sulfates contribute to new aerosol formation and the growth of existing particles, with important implications for the radiative balance. Evidence suggests that DMS is not only directly involved in the coral stress response, alleviating oxidative stress, but may create an <q>ocean thermostat</q> which suppresses sea surface temperature (SST) through changes to aerosol and cloud properties. This review provides a summary of the current major threats facing coral reefs and describes the role of dimethylated sulfur compounds in coral physiology and climate. The role of coral reefs as a source of climatically important compounds is an emerging topic of research however, the window of opportunity to understand the complex biogeophysical processes involved is closing with ongoing degradation of the world's coral reefs. The greatest uncertainty in our estimates of radiative forcing and climate change are derived from natural aerosol sources, such as marine DMS, which constitutes the largest flux of oceanic reduced sulfur to the atmosphere. Gaining a better understanding of the role of coral reef DMS emissions is crucial to predicting the future climate of our planet.</p>

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“…acute natural fluctuations in pH, exhibiting a high capacity to compensate for modifications in pH (Hoppe et al, 2018) and no significant changes in DMS following acidification (Hopkins et al, 2018). Further experimentation is needed to identify the underlying causes for these contrasting DMS responses to ocean acidification in Arctic waters.…”

Section: Marine and Coastal Biogenic Aerosol Precursorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Final Response

Abbatt¹

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Motivated by the need to predict how the Arctic atmosphere will change in a warming world, this article summarizes recent advances made by the research consortium NETCARE (Network on Climate and Aerosols: Addressing Key Uncertainties in Remote Canadian Environments) that contribute to our fundamental understanding of Arctic aerosol particles as they relate to climate forcing. The overall goal of NETCARE research has been to use an interdisciplinary approach encompassing extensive field observations and a range of chemical transport, earth system, and biogeochemical models. Several major findings and advances have emerged from NETCARE since its formation in 2013. (1) Unexpectedly high summertime dimethyl sulfide (DMS) levels were identified in ocean water (up to 75 nM) and the overlying atmosphere (up to 1 ppbv) in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA). Furthermore, melt ponds, which are widely prevalent, were identified as an important DMS source (with DMS concentrations of up to 6 nM and a potential contribution to atmospheric DMS of 20 % in the study area). (2) Evidence of widespread particle nucleation and growth in the marine boundary layer was found in the CAA in the summertime, with these events observed on 41 % of days in a 2016 cruise. As well, at Alert, Nunavut, particles that are newly formed and grown under conditions of minimal anthropogenic influence during the months of July and August are estimated to contribute 20 % to 80 % of the 30-50 nm particle number density. DMS-oxidation-driven nucleation is facilitated by the presence of atmospheric ammonia arising from seabird-colony emissions, and potentially also from coastal regions, tundra, and biomass burning. Via accumulation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), a significant fraction of the new particles grow to sizes that are active in cloud droplet formation. Although the gaseous precursors to Arctic marine SOA remain poorly defined, the measured levels of common continental SOA precursors (isoprene and monoterpenes) were low, whereas elevated mixing ratios of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) were inferred to arise via processes involving the sea surface microlayer. (3) The variability in the vertical distribution of black carbon (BC) under both springtime Arctic haze and more pristine summertime aerosol conditions was observed. Measured particle size distributions and mixing states were used to constrain, for the first time, calculations of aerosol-climate interactions under Arctic conditions. Aircraft-and groundbased measurements were used to better establish the BC source regions that supply the Arctic via long-range trans-port mechanisms, with evidence for a dominant springtime contribution from eastern and southern Asia to the middle troposphere, and a major contribution from northern Asia to the surface. (4) Measurements of ice nucleating particles (INPs) in the Arctic indicate that a major source of these particles is mineral dust, likely derived from local sources in the summer and long-range transport in the spring. In additi...

show abstract

Dimethylsulfide (DMS) production in polar oceans may be resilient to ocean acidification

Cited by 8 publications

References 31 publications

Overview paper: New insights into aerosol and climate in the Arctic

Overview paper: New insights into aerosol and climate in the Arctic

Reviews and syntheses: Marine biogenic aerosols and the ecophysiology of coral reefs

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