Diminished Activity of Ceftizoxime in Comparison to Cefotaxime and Ceftriaxone Against Streptococcus pneumoniae

Haas, David W.; Stratton, Charles W.; Griffin, Jane P.; Weeks, Lyndell S.; Alls, Sandra C.

doi:10.1093/clinids/20.3.671

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…41,49,68,69 Drugs that are not appropriate for treating hospitalized patients with pneumococcal pneumonia in the era of DRSP include firstgeneration cephalosporins and ceftazidime, ceftizoxime, and ticarcillin because of the high rate of resistance to these agents among penicillin-resistant pneumococci. 50,63,[70][71][72] Vancomycin hydrochloride has remained uniformly active against pneumococci, but ample evidence shows that overuse of vancomycin has led to resistance among other pathogens. [73][74][75][76][77] To date, a few isolates of Staphylococcus aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin (MIC=8 µg/mL) have been discovered.…”

Section: Questionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in the Era of Pneumococcal Resistance

Heffelfinger¹

2000

Arch Intern Med

543

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When implicated in cases of pneumonia, S pneumoniae should be considered susceptible if penicillin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is no greater than 1 microg/mL, of intermediate susceptibility if MIC is 2 microg/ mL, and resistant if MIC is no less than 4 microg/mL. For outpatient treatment of community-acquired pneumonia, suitable empirical oral antimicrobial agents include a macrolide (eg, erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin), doxycycline (or tetracycline) for children aged 8 years or older, or an oral beta-lactam with good activity against pneumococci (eg, cefuroxime axetil, amoxicillin, or a combination of amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium). Suitable empirical antimicrobial regimens for inpatient pneumonia include an intravenous beta-lactam, such as cefuroxime, ceftriaxone sodium, cefotaxime sodium, or a combination of ampicillin sodium and sulbactam sodium plus a macrolide. New fluoroquinolones with improved activity against S pneumoniae can also be used to treat adults with community-acquired pneumonia. To limit the emergence of fluoroquinolone-resistant strains, the new fluoroquinolones should be limited to adults (1) for whom one of the above regimens has already failed, (2) who are allergic to alternative agents, or (3) who have a documented infection with highly drug-resistant pneumococci (eg, penicillin MIC > or =4 microg/mL). Vancomycin hydrochloride is not routinely indicated for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia or pneumonia caused by DRSP.

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Section: Questionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in the Era of Pneumococcal Resistance

Heffelfinger¹

2000

Arch Intern Med

543

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“…In Switzerland, the penicillin resistance rate for the pneumococcus has reached a level comparable to the one in the United States (5), although locally higher rates have been reported there (6,9,12). In our multicenter study, 1% of the strains were inhibited by 2 mg of penicillin per liter and, thus, were resistant according to the NCCLS definition (25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Antimicrobial susceptibilities and serotypes of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae strains in Switzerland

1995

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In 1993 and 1994, 10 microbiological laboratories in Switzerland collected 351 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae from invasive infections. Susceptibilities to the main representatives of the chemical classes were as follows: penicillin, 93%; chloramphenicol, 92%; erythromycin, 94%; sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, 86%; tetracycline, 92%; vancomycin, 100%. Forty-three strains showed resistance to one agent, and 35 strains showed resistance to two or more antimicrobial agents simultaneously; i.e., 22% of the strains were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent. Four strains (1%) were fully resistant to penicillin, whereas 21 strains (6%) showed reduced susceptibility. Of these 25 strains not fully susceptible to penicillin, 10 were resistant to one, 3 were resistant to two, and 8 were resistant to three additional antimicrobial agents. Of the quinolones, sparfloxacin was the most active substance, with an MIC at which 90% of the strains are inhibited of 0.5 mg/liter. The most common serotypes were types 6 (13.6% of isolates), 7 (10.5%), 19 (10.5%), 14 (9.1%), and 1 (8.5%) as well as 3 and 23 (8.0% each). Reduced susceptibility to penicillin was found mainly among serotypes 6, 14, 19, and 23. The currently available 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine covers 320 (91%) of the pneumococci isolated. Regional differences within Switzerland with regard to serotypes and antimicrobial resistance were not observed.

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“…68 Cefepime may also retain its activity against the penicillin-intermediate strains of S pneumoniae, 28 but ceftizoxime apparently has a significant loss of activity against these strains. 68 Penicillin G/Penicillin V* Macrolides. These antimicrobials are considered to be bacteriostatic and act by binding to the 50s ribosomal subunit, crippling bacterial replication.…”

Section: A N T I M I C R O B I a L T H E R A P Ymentioning

confidence: 99%

An update on community-acquired pneumonia in adults

Gotfried

Freeman

2000

Compr Ther

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Diminished Activity of Ceftizoxime in Comparison to Cefotaxime and Ceftriaxone Against Streptococcus pneumoniae

Cited by 23 publications

References 24 publications

Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in the Era of Pneumococcal Resistance

Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in the Era of Pneumococcal Resistance

Antimicrobial susceptibilities and serotypes of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae strains in Switzerland

An update on community-acquired pneumonia in adults

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