Dinámica poblacional, dispersión y colonización de la broca del café Hypothenemus hampei en Colombia

Abstract

Con el fin de describir la dinámica poblacional de la broca, en la Estación Experimental Naranjal (Chinchiná, Caldas), se seleccionaron dos lotes de café Coffea arabica var. Castillo®, uno a libre exposición y otro bajo sombrío, cada uno de una hectárea. A partir de la formación de los primeros frutos, mensualmente en cada lote, en 30 árboles seleccionados aleatoriamente, se determinó la población de broca por árbol, los vuelos de los adultos mediante capturas en 70 trampas de alcohol y se mapeó el movimiento del insecto dentro del lote, durante cuatro años; los datos obtenidos se relacionaron con los eventos climáticos. Se encontró una mayor densidad poblacional de broca en cultivos de café con sombrío durante los eventos El Niño y Neutro, con promedios por árbol de 2.674±213,9 individuos y 1.675±95 individuos de broca, respectivamente, en contraste con 1.326±105,2 y 516±23 a libre exposición para los dos eventos climáticos; durante La Niña, no se observaron diferencias significativas entre los dos sistemas de producción, con bajos niveles de población. Los vuelos de la broca fueron mayores en el lote con sombrío en períodos El Niño, con capturas de 23.645±1.352 adultos en contraste con períodos La Niña, con 997±92 individuos. De acuerdo con los mapas, el movimiento de la broca dentro de los dos sistemas de producción se dio de manera agregada, según la Ley de poder de Taylor, siendo el coeficiente de regresión lineal (ß) mayor que 1, según el estadístico de prueba t, al 5%.

Effect of Microclimate on the Mass Emergence of Hypothenemus hampei in Coffee Grown under Shade of Trees and in Full Sun Exposure

“…A first result of our research showed that there was a greater number of CBB females captured in the shaded plot (117,522 females in total) than in the plot exposed directly to the sun (66,459 females in total), a finding that is in agreement with previous reports from other authors [22,24,25]. However, the response of CBB mass emergence to microclimate was similar in both conditions, indicating that the presence or absence of shade trees does not modify the type of interaction between shade level, microclimate, and mass emergence for this pest.…”

“…However, Muñoz et al [23] found the opposite in plantations around Lake Yojoa, Honduras: more infestation was observed in full sun than in shade. Likewise, Mariño et al [24], in Puerto Rico, and Constantino et al [25], in Colombia, reported more infestation in shaded than in sun-exposed plantations. Jaramillo et al [26], in Kenya, reported that infestation with H. hampei was highest in plantations exposed to full sun.…”

Bifurcation Analysis in a Coffee Berry-Borer-and-Ants Prey–Predator Model

“…The population dynamics of the pest were partially governed by logistic growth, and the carrying capacity, defined as the number of CBBs per tree, was assumed to be 20,000 individuals. On the other hand, in [20], the population dynamics, dispersal, and colonization of CBBs in Colombia were studied and, through fieldwork, the number of CBBs per tree was estimated to be 2674. Despite the significant differences in the figures used in these two studies, this work assumes, for illustrative purposes, that the carrying capacity for the CBB population in model (1), denoted as q, is 2674 CBB per tree, as indicated in Table 1.…”

“…Specifically, the study aimed to investigate the population dynamics of the CBB and the modifications in the system's dynamics as this rate is increased. In doing so, this study contributes academically to CBB management because, as noted by [20], studying the pest's population dynamics over time helps determine opportune moments for control. Moreover, this approach seeks to make a significant contribution to the limited literature regarding the predatory potential of ants on the CBB, as emphasized by [10].…”

Conservation Biological Control as an Important Tool in the Neotropical Region

“…In a systematic review of the available biological control of the CBB, Escobar-Ramirez et al (2019) found substantial evidence of successful cases in coffee agroforestry, where fungi, ants, parasitic wasps, birds, and nematodes can provide successful CBB biocontrol. However, landscape-scale studies are almost missing, indicating the need of more studies on CBC, also explaining a disagreement between coffee growers and researchers on the question if sustaining shaded crops reduce the incidence of main pests and diseases (Constantino et al 2021;Jezeer and Verweij 2015). In this regard, there is no doubt that sustaining traditionally agroforestry systems would compensate production over biodiversity preservation if environmentally aware consumers are willing to accept premium prices for shade and/or socio-environmental certifications on a agroecosystem that contains as much diversity as forest habitats (Hardt et al 2015;Perfecto et al 1996Perfecto et al , 2005.…”