Dinitrogen (C2H2) fixation in relation to nitrogen fertilization of grey alder [Alnus incana (L.) Moench.] plantations in a peat bog

Rytter, Lars; Arveby, Agneta S.; Granhall, Ulf

doi:10.1007/bf00337373

Cited by 24 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Dittert (1992) estimated N 2 fixation rates of between 40 to 85 kg N ha −1 yr −1 for a black alder stand in northern Germany. Comparable and even higher values have also been reported for grey alder stands (e.g., Rytter et al, 1991;Lõhmus et al, 2002;Mander et al, 2005;Uri et al, 2011). Additionally, drainage of histosols supplies large amounts of N through mineralization of ancient organic matter .…”

Section: Nitrogen Mineralization and Transformation Processesmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…However, the distinct differences in the C and N contents of the drained sites did not result in significantly different NNM rates in the present study. Low retranslocation of nitrogen from senescing leaves to the alder tree Lõhmus et al, 2002;Uri et al, 2011) causes high contents of N and narrow C / N ratios of the foliage, favoring the fast decomposition of the leaf litter (Struwe and Kjøller, 1990;Rytter et al, 1991;Lõhmus et al, 2002;Uri et al, 2011). The organic surface layer at the drained sites was classified as L-mull humus type, indicating the fast decomposition of the incorporated alder leaves.…”

Section: Nitrogen Mineralization and Transformation Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nitrogen mineralization and gaseous nitrogen losses from waterlogged and drained organic soils in a black alder (<i>Alnus glutinosa</i> (L.) Gaertn.) forest

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) forests on peat soils have been reported to be hotspots for high nitrous oxide (N 2 O) losses. High emissions may be attributed to alternating water tables of peatlands and to the incorporation of high amounts of easily decomposable nitrogen (N) into the ecosystem by symbiotic dinitrogen (N 2 )-fixation of alder trees. Our study addressed the question to what extent drainage enhances the emissions of N 2 O from black alder forests and how N turnover processes and physical factors influence the production of N 2 O and total denitrification. The study was conducted in a drained black alder forest with variable groundwater tables at a southern German fen peatland. Fluxes of N 2 O were measured using the closed chamber method at two drained sites (D-1 and D-2) and one undrained site (U). Inorganic N contents and net N mineralization rates (NNM) were determined. Additionally a laboratory incubation experiment was carried out to investigate greenhouse gas and N 2 fluxes at different temperature and soil moisture conditions. Significantly different inorganic N contents and NNM rates were observed, which however did not result in significantly different N 2 O fluxes in the field but did in the laboratory experiment. N 2 O fluxes measured were low for all sites, with total annual emissions of 0.51 ± 0.07 (U), 0.97 ± 0.13 (D-1) and 0.93 ± 0.08 kg N 2 O-N ha −1 yr −1 (D-2). Only 37 % of the spatiotemporal variation in field N 2 O fluxes could be explained by peat temperature and groundwater level, demonstrating the complex interlinking of the controlling factors for N 2 O emissions. However, temperature was one of the key variables of N 2 O fluxes in the incubation experiment conducted. Increasing soil moisture content was found to enhance total denitrification losses during the incubation experiment, whereas N 2 O fluxes remained constant. At the undrained site, permanently high groundwater level was found to prevent net nitrification, resulting in a limitation of available nitrate (NO − 3 ) and negligible gaseous N losses. N 2 O flux rates that were up to four times higher were measured in the incubation experiment. They reveal the potential of high N 2 O losses under changing soil physical conditions at the drained alder sites. The high net nitrification rates observed and high NO − 3 contents bear the risk of considerable NO − 3 leaching at the drained sites.

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Section: Nitrogen Mineralization and Transformation Processesmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Nitrogen Mineralization and Transformation Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen mineralization and gaseous nitrogen losses from waterlogged and drained organic soils in a black alder (<i>Alnus glutinosa</i> (L.) Gaertn.) forest

et al. 2014

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“…by the age of trees, stand density and site types. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation in 5-30-year-old grey alder stands in Estonia, Norway and Sweden has been estimated to be 42-150 kg ha -1 a -1 (Johnsrud 1978;Rytter et al 1990;Uri et al 2011Uri et al , 2014. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation may present 55-75% of the annual uptake of nitrogen by the stand (Rytter et al 1990;Uri et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Symbiotic nitrogen fixation in 5-30-year-old grey alder stands in Estonia, Norway and Sweden has been estimated to be 42-150 kg ha -1 a -1 (Johnsrud 1978;Rytter et al 1990;Uri et al 2011Uri et al , 2014. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation may present 55-75% of the annual uptake of nitrogen by the stand (Rytter et al 1990;Uri et al 2011). In an alder stand the pH of the upper soil layer is often quite low, which is caused by acidification effects of nitrogen fixation, decomposition of litter and nitrification (Franklin et al 1968;Tarrant and Trappe 1971;Borman and DeBell 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass production of coppiced grey alder and the effect of fertilization

Hytönen¹,

Saarsalmi²

2015

Silva Fenn.

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We studied biomass production of two naturally originated grey alder (Alnus incana (L.) Moench) stands having a mixture of birch and willow located in central Finland. One of the stands was growing on a peatland site (Muhos) and the other on a mineral soil site (Juuka). The stands were clear-cut and fertilization experiments were laid out with several treatments. At Muhos, the treatments included nitrogen fertilisation with different amounts of wood ash and an unfertilized control. At Juuka, the treatments included nitrogen fertilisation either with ash or with PK, and ash and PK treatments alone and an unfertilized control. The sprouts at Muhos were grown for 17 years and at Juuka for 20 years. At Juuka the stand was clear-cut second time at the age of 20 years and grown for 8 years. The stands were measured several times and foliar samples were taken twice during the study period. Clear-cutting increased stem number manifold. The stand density of new coppiced forests after the clear-cutting decreased from 67 000-89 000 stems ha -1 at the age of 3-6 years to 10 000-12 000 stems ha -1 at the age of 17-20 years. On neither site fertilization affected biomass production of alders during the study period. Leafless above-ground biomass was 52-57 Mg ha -1 after 17-20 years. Mean annual leafless above-ground biomass production (MAI) increased with increase of rotation time. At the age of 17-20 years the MAI was 2.8-3.0 Mg ha a -1 . At Muhos, ash increased foliar P and Ca concentrations, but decreased those of Mn.

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“…Biosolids soil amendments have increased growth and nodulation of Vicia sativa (Vetch) (Sidiras et al, 1999), and Glycine max (soybeans) (Vieira, 2001). In studies looking at Alnus, N additions as NO 3 -, NH 4 + , and NH 4 NO 3 increased biomass of A. glutinosa (Troelstra et al, 1992), and N additions did not reduce N fixation in A. incana unless the system N demand was exceeded (Rytter et al, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen fixation and growth response of Alnus Rubra following fertiliztion with urea or biosolids

Gaulke

Henry

Brown

2006

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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Nitrogen fertilization of forests using biosolids offers a potentially environmentally friendly means to accelerate tree growth. This field study was designed to analyze the effects of nitrogen fertilization on the symbiotic, nitrogen (N)-fixing relationship between Alnus rubra Bong. (red alder) and Frankia. Anaerobically digested, class B biosolids and synthetic urea (46% N) were applied at rates of 140, 280 and 560 kg ha-1 available N to a well-drained, sandy, glacial outwash soil in the Indianola series (mixed, mesic Dystric Xeropsamments). Plots were planted with A. rubra seedlings. At the end of each of two growing seasons trees were harvested and analyzed for the rate of N fixation (as acetylene reduction activity), biomass and foliar N. At year 1, there was no N fixation for trees grown with urea amendments, but control (17 µmol C2H4 g-1 hr-1) and biosolids (26-45 µmol C2H4 g-1 hr-1) trees were fixing N. At the end of year 2, all trees in all treatments were fixing N (7 µmol C2H4 g-1 hr-1, 4-16 µmol C2H4 g-1 hr-1, and 20-29 µmol C2H4 g-1 hr-1 for control, urea and biosolids respectively). Trees grown with biosolids amendments were larger overall (year 1 shoot biomass 10 g, 5 g, and 23 g for control, urea, and biosolids respectively, year 2 shoot biomass 50 g, 51 g, and 190 g for control, urea, and biosolids respectively) with higher concentrations of foliar N for both years of the study (year 1 foliar N 26 g kg-1, 27 g kg-1, and 40 g kg-1 for control, urea, and biosolids respectively, year 2 foliar N 17 g kg-1, 19 g kg-1, and 23 g kg-1 for control, urea, and biosolids respectively). Trees grown with urea amendments appeared to use the urea N over Frankia supplied N, whereas the biosolids trees appeared to be able to use both N in biosolids and N from Frankia. The results from this study indicated that the greater growth of A. rubra may have been responsible for the observed higher N demand. Biosolids may have supplied other nutrients to the trees to support this accelerated growth.

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Dinitrogen (C2H2) fixation in relation to nitrogen fertilization of grey alder [Alnus incana (L.) Moench.] plantations in a peat bog

Cited by 24 publications

References 24 publications

Nitrogen mineralization and gaseous nitrogen losses from waterlogged and drained organic soils in a black alder (<i>Alnus glutinosa</i> (L.) Gaertn.) forest

Nitrogen mineralization and gaseous nitrogen losses from waterlogged and drained organic soils in a black alder (<i>Alnus glutinosa</i> (L.) Gaertn.) forest

Biomass production of coppiced grey alder and the effect of fertilization

Nitrogen fixation and growth response of Alnus Rubra following fertiliztion with urea or biosolids

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Dinitrogen (C2H2) fixation in relation to nitrogen fertilization of grey alder [Alnus incana (L.) Moench.] plantations in a peat bog

Cited by 24 publications

References 24 publications

Nitrogen mineralization and gaseous nitrogen losses from waterlogged and drained organic soils in a black alder (&lt;i&gt;Alnus glutinosa&lt;/i&gt; (L.) Gaertn.) forest

Nitrogen mineralization and gaseous nitrogen losses from waterlogged and drained organic soils in a black alder (&lt;i&gt;Alnus glutinosa&lt;/i&gt; (L.) Gaertn.) forest

Biomass production of coppiced grey alder and the effect of fertilization

Nitrogen fixation and growth response of Alnus Rubra following fertiliztion with urea or biosolids

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Nitrogen mineralization and gaseous nitrogen losses from waterlogged and drained organic soils in a black alder (<i>Alnus glutinosa</i> (L.) Gaertn.) forest

Nitrogen mineralization and gaseous nitrogen losses from waterlogged and drained organic soils in a black alder (<i>Alnus glutinosa</i> (L.) Gaertn.) forest