Dinoflagellate origin for sedimentary 4α-methylsteroids and 5α(H)-stanols

Robinson, Neil; Eglinton, G.; Brassell, Simon C.; Cranwell, P.A.

doi:10.1038/308439a0

Cited by 295 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The overall proportion of 4c~-methylsterols in our study (more than half of total sterols) is higher than previously reported for P. [utheri but similar to values given for P. salina (Volkman eta]., 1990). The occurrence of 4c~-methylsterols in marine sediments has been known for some time, as a result of predation, degradation and transport of sterols in marine environments (Mackenzie et al, 1982;Robinson et at., 1984;Volkman, 1986). Sterols with a saturated nucleus and a 4c~-methyl group are rare in algal lineages, except in the Dinophyceae where dinosterol is an excellent chemotaxonomic marker (Patterson, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sterolic biomarkers in marine phytoplankton. I. Free and conjugated sterols ofPavlova lutheri(Haptophyta)

Véron

Dauguet

Billard

1996

European Journal of Phycology

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Pavlova lutheri was examined for free and combined sterols. Eight common desmethylsterols represented more than 49% of the total sterols. The principal sterols of this group were poriferasteroL 5-ergostenol and cholesterol. Four uncommon sterols were also detected: a methylsterol (4c~-methyl-24fl-ethylcholest-22(23)-en-3fl-ol) and three 4o~-methyldihydroxysterols (4o~-methylpavlovols). 4c~-Methylsterol is the dominant sterol and along with the pavIovols accounts for more than half the total sterols of P. [utheri. End products of sterol biosynthetic pathways were present in almost all forms, in contrast to intermediate products. The dominant 4c~-methylsterol occurred exclusively in flee form, in contrast to the pavlovols, which were present as glycoside conjugates only. This peculiar distribution and conjugation of sterols is discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sterolic biomarkers in marine phytoplankton. I. Free and conjugated sterols ofPavlova lutheri(Haptophyta)

Véron

Dauguet

Billard

1996

European Journal of Phycology

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“…Sterols support the terrestrial source: they had high fluxes as well as their maximum contents (not shown) in these two cups (Table 1). Whereas campesterol and X -sitosterol are derived from higher land plants (Huang and Meinschein, 1976;Volkmann, 1984), dinosterol and brassicasterol can be derived from both fresh water and marine algae (Fahl and Stein, 1999;Robinson et al, 1984;Thiel, 1993;Yunker et al, 1995). As fluxes and contents of all sterols were significantly correlated we can assume that the algal sterols were mainly fresh-water derived.…”

Section: Ice Covered Seasonmentioning

confidence: 98%

Particulate matter fluxes in the southern and central Kara Sea compared to sediments: Bulk fluxes, amino acids, stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes, sterols and fatty acids

Gaye

Fahl

Kodina

et al. 2007

Continental Shelf Research

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The Kara Sea is one of the arctic marginal seas strongly influenced by fresh water and river suspension. The highly seasonal discharge by the two major rivers Yenisei and Ob induces seasonal changes in hydrography, sea surface temperature, ice cover, primary production and sedimentation. In order to obtain a seasonal pattern of sedimentation in the Kara Sea, sediment traps were deployed near the river mouth of the Yenisei (Yen) as well as in the central Kara Sea (Kara) within the framework of the German-Russian project ''Siberian River run-off; SIRRO''. Two and a half years of time-series flux data were obtained between September 2000 and April 2003 and were analyzed for bulk components, amino acids, stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes as well as sterols and fatty acids.Sediment trap data show that much of the annual deposition occurred under ice cover, possibly enhanced by zooplanktonic activity and sediment resuspension. An early bloom of ice-associated algae in April/May occurred in the polynya area and may have been very important to sustain the life cycles of higher organisms after the light limitation of the winter months due to no/low insolation and ice cover. The strong river input dominated the months June-August in the southern part of the Kara Sea. The central Kara Sea had a much shorter productive period starting in August and was less affected by the river plumes. Despite different time-scales of sampling and trapping biases, total annual fluxes from traps were in the same order of magnitude as accumulation rates in surface sediments. Terrestrial organic carbon accumulation decreased from 10.7 to 0.3 g C m À2 a À1 from the riverine source to the central Kara Sea. Parallel to this, preservation of marine organic matter decreased from 10% to 2% of primary productivity which was probably related to decreasing rates of sedimentation. r

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“…4b and 4d were 4α,23,24-trimethyl-5α-cholestan-3β-ol (dinostanol), 4α,23,24-trimethyl-5α-cholest-22E-en-3β-ol (dinosterol), and 4α,24-dimethyl-5α-cholestan- 55.5-58.4 m; c) 91.8-92.4 m and d) 96.7-99.7 m. 3β-ol. These compounds are presumed to have derived from dinoflagellates since GC-MS total ion chromatograms are similar to those of sterols from freshwater dinoflagellate such as Peridinium lomnickii (Robinson et al, 1984). From LC-MS analysis of SCEs (Eckardt et al, 1991) we inferred that peak 8 was due to C 30 stanol chlorin esters, including dinostanol SCE.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

2.8 million years of phytoplankton history in Lake Baikal recorded by the residual photosynthetic pigments in its sediment core.

et al. 2001

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We have been able to reconstruct the changes that have occurred in the phytoplankton community of Lake Baikal over the past 2.8 million years (Ma) by measuring the abundance of residual steryl chlorin esters (SCEs) in the 0-100m section of the 600 m long BDP98 sediment core. The sterol composition of SCEs showed remarkable variations among interglacial periods, and green algae and dinoflagellates, apart from diatoms, had been abundant in Lake Baikal until 1.2 Ma ago.

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Dinoflagellate origin for sedimentary 4α-methylsteroids and 5α(H)-stanols

Cited by 295 publications

References 34 publications

Sterolic biomarkers in marine phytoplankton. I. Free and conjugated sterols ofPavlova lutheri(Haptophyta)

Sterolic biomarkers in marine phytoplankton. I. Free and conjugated sterols ofPavlova lutheri(Haptophyta)

Particulate matter fluxes in the southern and central Kara Sea compared to sediments: Bulk fluxes, amino acids, stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes, sterols and fatty acids

2.8 million years of phytoplankton history in Lake Baikal recorded by the residual photosynthetic pigments in its sediment core.

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