Dinophysis Species Associated with Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning Episodes in North Patagonian Gulfs (Chubut, Argentina)

Distribution of Dinophysis species and their association with lipophilic phycotoxins in plankton from the Argentine Sea

“…By contrast, pectenotoxins (PTX) were recorded in 67 samples, and showed a widespread distribution. This agrees with results from monitoring programs in the gulfs of north Patagonia, where PTX-2, PTX-11 and PTX-2sa were detected in plankton samples, but OA was absent (Gracia Villalobos et al, 2015).…”

“…Co-occurrence of PTX-2 and PTX-11 in the smaller size-fraction (20-50 mm) and small and intermediate D. tripos cells (<50 mm) from Expedition 2 (late summer) agrees with results from our previous work, which showed a strong association of D. tripos large cells and occurrence of the same PTX in the 50-200 mm size-fraction . This is further supported by comparison of the toxin profile of D. tripos from natural populations in the Gulf of San José and Nuevo Gulf, which was characterized by PTX-2 and PTX-11 (Gracia Villalobos et al, 2015).…”

“…D. tripos was frequently found in San Matías Gulf, a semi-enclosed basin influenced by the Negro river (Guerrero and Piola, 1997), that is characterized by a high tidal energy (Tonini et al, 2007) and a vertical mixing (Palma et al, 2004). Moreover, multi-year records (2009)(2010)(2011) from the Argentine Sea have reported this species throughout all seasons in the gulfs of northern Patagonia (%41-438S), with the species appearing mainly during autumn and winter (Gracia Villalobos et al, 2015). Furthermore, maximum cell densities in this study were detected at $17 8C, which agrees with known primary occurrence in tropical to temperate seas .…”

“…Later, positive mouse bioassays for DSP were recorded in mussels collected in the same area during January and November, 2012, and related circumstantially to the presence of D. acuminata and D. caudata, respectively (Sunesen et al, 2014). Recent monitoring programs in the gulfs of north Patagonia obtained positive mouse bioassays for DST related to the presence of D. tripos (Gracia Villalobos et al, 2015). In addition, PTX-2 has been detected off the coast of Buenos Aires Province (Montoya et al, 2013), in the Gulf of San Jorge , in shelf waters from 408S to 468S and in the Gulf of San José and Nuevo Gulf (Gracia Villalobos et al, 2015).…”

“…Recent monitoring programs in the gulfs of north Patagonia obtained positive mouse bioassays for DST related to the presence of D. tripos (Gracia Villalobos et al, 2015). In addition, PTX-2 has been detected off the coast of Buenos Aires Province (Montoya et al, 2013), in the Gulf of San Jorge , in shelf waters from 408S to 468S and in the Gulf of San José and Nuevo Gulf (Gracia Villalobos et al, 2015). Finally, OA and DTX-1 have been recently detected by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in shellfish collected in several coastal areas of Buenos Aires Province (Turner and Goya, 2015).…”