Dinosaur tracks from the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary Tuchengzi Formation (Hebei Province, China) used as building stones in the Chengde imperial summer resort: Age, ichnology, and history

Xing, Lida; Lockley, Martin G.; Du, Tianming; Zhang, Li‐Jun; Klein, Hendrik; Romilio, Anthony; Persons, W. Scott; Wang, Kuan; Li, Zhenyu; Wan, Xiaoqiao

doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2019.104310

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Therefore, its different functions and forms can be divided into four areas: palace area, lake area, plain area and mountain area. All kinds of garden landscapes can be said to be masterpieces in the world [ 27 ]. The schematic diagram of the mountain resort is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Image Display Based On Virtual Reality (Vr) Technology – Tak...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing virtual reality based 3D modeling and interaction technologies for museums

Zhao

Dou

2023

Heliyon

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Section: Image Display Based On Virtual Reality (Vr) Technology – Tak...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing virtual reality based 3D modeling and interaction technologies for museums

Zhao

Dou

2023

Heliyon

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“…Except for the Lower Cretaceous Dabeigou Formation Jingshang site (Xing et al, 2018) and the Xiguayuan Formation Qiaomaigou and Sangyuan sites from Luanping (Xing et al, 2019), these track sites all come from the Tuchengzi Formation, which spans the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary. Among these Tuchengzi sites are the Luofenggou sites from Chicheng (Xing et al, 2009a(Xing et al, , 2011(Xing et al, , 2012, Madigou and Chengde Mountain Resort and its Outlying Temples site (Xing et al, 2020), the Nanshuangmiao site from Chengde (Sullivan et al, 2009), and the Qianjiadian sites from Beijing (Xing et al, 2015). Together with the contemporary tracksites from Liaoning Province, in Northeast China, these sites reveal the relatively diverse Tuchengzi dinosaur ichnofauna (Yabe et al, 1940;Shikama, 1942;Young, 1960;Zhang et al, 2004;Matsukawa et al, 2006;Fujita et al, 2007), which is saurischian-dominated and includes tridactyl and didactyl non-avian theropods, birds, sauropods, and possible small ornithopods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theropod tracks from the Jurassic–Cretaceous boundary, Tuchengzi Formation, Chengde, China: Review and new observations

Xing

Lockley

2021

Biosis:Biol. Syst.

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Previously known theropod dinosaur footprints preserved as natural casts in the Tuchengzi Formation, on a rock wall beside the railway in Nanshuangmiao Village, Shangbancheng Town, Chengde City, were originally assigned to ichnogenus Anchisauripus and tentatively attributed to oviraptosaurs. The assemblage was restudied in more detail by examining the entire assemblage of 55 tracks associated with two horizons. The size range of the 27 measured tracks suggests a more diverse grallatorid–eubrontid assemblage and potentially greater diversity of theropod trackmakers. The label Anchisauripus, which has fallen into disuse in some recent literature, implies trackmakers of medium shape and size in the grallatorid–eubrontid morphological spectrum. However, given the presence of other theropod ichnotaxa in the Jurassic to Early Cretaceous strata of the Tuchengzi Formation and time equivalent units we suggest that explicit reference to the Grallator-Anchisauripus-Eubrontes (GAE) plexus, or simply the term Grallator-Eubrontes plexus be confined to Lower Jurassic assemblages as originally defined and intended. Further study centered on the 16 known Tuchengzi assemblages and older theropod ichnfaunas is necessary to confirm or refute the degree to which grallatorid–eubrontid assemblages from these different epochs are similar or convergent. Even if the tracks are morphologically very similar inferences regarding trackmaker identity are problematic because the same theropodan trackmaker species, genera or even families were not present in both epochs.

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“…Digital pads are often visibly defined in well-preserved specimens. As deinonychosaurs are predominantly known from the Cretaceous Period (Makovicky & Norell, 2004;Norell & Makovicky, 2004), almost all convincing tracks attributed to these dinosaurs are Cretaceous in age; the only exceptions are a possible Middle Jurassic occurrence from Argentina (Casamiquela, 1964;Xing et al 2018a), and latest Jurassic or earliest Cretaceous occurrences from China (Xing et al 2009a(Xing et al , 2015b(Xing et al , 2020; Table 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probable deinonychosaur tracks from the Upper Cretaceous Wapiti Formation (upper Campanian) of Alberta, Canada

et al. 2020

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Late Cretaceous tracks attributable to deinonychosaurs in North America are rare, with only one occurrence of Menglongipus from Alaska and two possible, but indeterminate, occurrences reported from Mexico. Here we describe the first probable deinonychosaur tracks from Canada: a possible trackway and one isolated track on a single horizon from the Upper Cretaceous Wapiti Formation (upper Campanian) near Grande Prairie in Alberta. The presence of a relatively short digit IV differentiates these from argued dromaeosaurid tracks, suggesting the trackmaker was more likely a troodontid. Other noted characteristics of the Wapiti specimens include a rounded heel margin, the absence of a digit II proximal pad impression, and a broad, elliptical digit III. Monodactyl tracks occur in association with the didactyl tracks, mirroring similar discoveries from the Early Cretaceous Epoch of China, providing additional support for their interpretation as deinonychosaurian traces. Although we refrain from assigning the new Wapiti specimens to any ichnotaxon because of their relatively poor undertrack preservation, this discovery is an important addition to the deinonychosaur track record; it helps to fill a poorly represented geographic and temporal window in their known distribution, and demonstrates the presence of a greater North American deinonychosaur ichnodiversity than has previously been recognized.

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Dinosaur tracks from the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary Tuchengzi Formation (Hebei Province, China) used as building stones in the Chengde imperial summer resort: Age, ichnology, and history

Cited by 15 publications

References 51 publications

Designing virtual reality based 3D modeling and interaction technologies for museums

Designing virtual reality based 3D modeling and interaction technologies for museums

Theropod tracks from the Jurassic–Cretaceous boundary, Tuchengzi Formation, Chengde, China: Review and new observations

Probable deinonychosaur tracks from the Upper Cretaceous Wapiti Formation (upper Campanian) of Alberta, Canada

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