Diode-pumped lasers at five eye-safe wavelengths

Kubo, T.; Kane, Thomas J.

doi:10.1109/3.135225

Cited by 106 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…It can be applied in tomographic imaging for early detecting gastrointestinal inflammation and neoplasia, because on the one hand, it can lead to a deep penetration depth in compared with 1-μm wavelength lasers, and on the other hand, have a lower absorption of water than that of long 2-μm wavelength lasers (1.9-2.1 μm) [8,9]. This advantage of 1.85-μm wavelength laser also makes it attractive for laser radar systems, since the emission around 1.85 μm gives much lower absorption of vapor while keeping the advantage of longer wavelength [10]. Furthermore, it is an excellent pumping for Zinc selenide doped with divalent chromium ions (Cr 2+ :ZnSe), whose absorption spectrum spans over 1.5-2.2 μm with a maxima at around 1.8 μm [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Efficient 1856 nm emission from Tm,Mg:LiNbO_3 laser

Zhang¹,

Li²,

Zhang³

et al. 2013

Opt. Express

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Efficient continuous-wave laser emission at 1856 nm from a Tm,Mg:LiNbO 3 crystal slab with high Tm 3+ doping concentration is reported. A maximum output power of 2.62 W is realized with a slope efficiency of 19.6% and the beam quality factor M 2 of 1.7 at room temperature. We believe that this is the first demonstration of watt-level laser operation in Tm,Mg:LiNbO 3 crystal and the output power is four orders of magnitude higher than that reported previously in Tm-doped LiNbO 3 crystal. Performance degradation due to the photorefractive effect under high intensity 1856 nm laser is not observed thanks to the co-doping of magnesium ions. Quantitative analysis about the long-term photorefractive effect is also provided. Multi-wavelength laser operation is realized by using different narrow-band output couplers. This demonstration opens up a viable pathway towards 2-μm integrated optic devices for achieving laser oscillation, electro-optic and nonlinear optical effects within just one sample simultaneously. Opt. 12(3), 555-563 (1973). 25. A. Ashkin, G. D. Boyd, J. M. Dziedzic, R. G. Smith, A. A. Ballman, J. J. Levinstein, and K. Nassau, "Opticallyinduced refractive index inhomogeneities in LiNbO 3 and LiTaO 3 ," Appl. Phys. Lett. 9(1), 72-74 (1966).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Efficient 1856 nm emission from Tm,Mg:LiNbO_3 laser

Zhang¹,

Li²,

Zhang³

et al. 2013

Opt. Express

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“…Besides Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (YAG) [1,2], Yttrium Lithium Fluoride (YLF) is considered as one of the most interesting among the crystals that can be activated with Tm 3÷ and Ho 3+ ions [3, 41. To optimize laser operation from Tm,Ho:YLF crystals several factors have to be considered.…”

Section: Pacs: 4270mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of co-dopant concentrations and excitation conditions on the 2 ?m fluorescence dynamics in Tm, Ho:YLF crystals

Falconieri

Salvetti

1994

Appl. Phys. A

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Abstract.Results of spectroscopic studies carried out on Tm, H o : Y L F crystals are reported. In particular, we have investigated the effects of the co-dopant concentrations on the time evolution of the fluorescence at 2 gm emitted in response to short-pulse laser excitation at 792 nm. The fluorescence intensity profiles are analyzed in terms of their temporal and amplitude characteristics over a wide range of excitation conditions. PACS: 42.70Laser action at approximately 2 p.m involving 517--,5I s transitions of Ho 3÷ is receiving considerable attention because efficient optical pumping with currently available laser diodes is possible by using Tm 3 + as co-dopant sensitizer ions. Besides Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (YAG) [1,2], Yttrium Lithium Fluoride (YLF) is considered as one of the most interesting among the crystals that can be activated with Tm 3÷ and Ho 3+ ions [3, 41. To optimize laser operation from Tm,Ho:YLF crystals several factors have to be considered. An essential one is the choice of the concentrations of the sensitizer and activator ions, which is dependent on the operating conditions and the mode of laser operation (cw or Qswitched). In order to operate the most appropriate choice one has to understand the effects of the concentrations on the relevant spectroscopic and lasing properties, and how these effects vary with the operating conditions. At present, this understanding is not complete, even though the Tm,Ho:YLF system has been extensively studied in recent years [5][6][7][8], and a significant amount of work has been done on measuring the fundamental system properties [9][10][11][12]. A better understanding may be gained by monitoring the concentration dependence of selected processes taking place in the excited crystal. One of the most important among these processes is the time evolution of the Ho 3 + ion lowest excited level population, i.e., of the upper laser level population for lasers operating at 2 p.m.Measurements of the transient behavior of the fluorescence from this level have been reported in the literature for a large variety of co-dopant concentrations [9,11,12]. These data, together with those relative to fluorescence from the other excited levels in the Tm,Ho:YLF system, have permitted to draw a qualitative picture of the energy distribution mechanisms and to put forth hypotheses on those which predominate. Nevertheless, there is still a number of open questions that, if answered, may provide a better understanding. One of them is concerned with the dependence of the fluorescence time evolution on the excited-state density. The presence of loss mechanisms which reduce the effective upper laser level lifetime under intense pumping is well recognized in Tm and Tm,Ho lasers [7,12]. However, these effects and their dependence on co-dopant concentrations have not yet been clearly quantified. In fact the upper laser level fluorescence measurements which are reported in the literature are usually performed at low excitation densities. Just few data are available under intens...

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“…The first Tm:YAG nonplanar ring oscillator (NPRO) laser was reported by Kubo and Kane in 1992 [6]. The 2 μm single-frequency output power was 27 mW when the crystal was cooled to a temperature of -23°C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diode-pumped single-frequency Tm:YAG NPRO laser by using different pumping spot sizes

Zhao

Gao

et al. 2009

Front. Optoelectron. China

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This paper presents the experimental results of the monolithic Tm:YAG nonplanar ring oscillator (NPRO) pumped by two kinds of laser diodes with different pumping spot sizes. By longitudinal pumping in continuous-wave operation, a single-frequency output power of 404 mW was obtained at room temperature, with a slope efficiency of 48.2%. The influences of the pumping spot sizes on the beam properties were also discussed.

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Diode-pumped lasers at five eye-safe wavelengths

Cited by 106 publications

References 9 publications

Efficient 1856 nm emission from Tm,Mg:LiNbO_3 laser

Efficient 1856 nm emission from Tm,Mg:LiNbO_3 laser

Effects of co-dopant concentrations and excitation conditions on the 2 ?m fluorescence dynamics in Tm, Ho:YLF crystals

Diode-pumped single-frequency Tm:YAG NPRO laser by using different pumping spot sizes

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