“…Diode-pumped Nd:YAG solid-state laser, along with its advantages of high efficiency, high reliability, compactness, and long operation time, [1][2][3][4] has a wide range of applications in industry, science and basic research. [5][6][7] To date, the characteristics of the Nd:YAG laser have been widely studied to obtain high power output. For instance, Yu et al and Wang et al have experimentally investigated the influence of different output couplings, cavity lengths, types of cavities, and the temperatures of cooling water on the laser output power and beam quality of continuous-wave (CW) Nd:YAG laser.…”