Dioecy, more than monoecy, affects plant spatial genetic structure: the case study of <i>Ficus</i>

Nazareno, Alison G.; Alzate-Marin, Ana Lília; Pereira, Rodrigo Augusto Santinelo

doi:10.1002/ece3.739

Cited by 41 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 108 publications

(265 reference statements)

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“…Nevertheless, Nazareno et al (2013) stated that dioecy may significantly contribute to spatial genetic structure (SGS) in natural populations of dioecious plants. Dioecious plant species analyzed by the authors had on average 6-fold higher SGS than monoecious species.…”

Section: Communicated By P Ingvarssonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-specific pattern of spatial genetic structure in dioecious and clonal tree species, Populus alba L.

Dering

Rączka

Szmyt

2016

Tree Genetics & Genomes

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Fine-scale spatial genetic structure (SGS) has profound ecological and genetic consequences for plant populations, and some studies indicate that clonal reproduction may significantly enhance SGS. Clonality is widespread among dioecious species, but little is known about the relationship between clonal reproduction and SGS in the frame of sexual dimorphism. We asked the following questions: (1) Is there a sexually dependent pattern of SGS in white poplar population? (2) What is the relationship between clonal reproduction and SGS? and (3) Does this relationship have a sex-specific component? Using 16 microsatellite markers, genetic structure including fine-scale SGS and clonality of females and males of white poplar were investigated. Significant SGS was noted for both sexes at the ramet and genet levels. At the genet level, males had 2.7-fold higher SGS than that of females. Clonality significantly contributed to SGS only in females. A sibship structure revealed with pedigree analysis and clustering-based methods among males was likely the major factor of the observed SGS. The sexes differed in their clonal growth strategies. Spatial positioning of ramets in female clones suggested foraging behavior and/or avoidance of competition, while for male clones it indicated more expansion and space colonization. The obtained results led us to conclude that sexual dimorphism in life history traits may affect the course and rate of demo-genetic processes acting in natural populations of dioecious species. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating a sex-specific pattern of SGS in natural populations of dioecious species.

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Section: Communicated By P Ingvarssonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-specific pattern of spatial genetic structure in dioecious and clonal tree species, Populus alba L.

Dering

Rączka

Szmyt

2016

Tree Genetics & Genomes

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“…In effect, in many dioecious species SGS can be more pronounced compared with monoecious plants. However, although dioecy is generally recognised as an important factor of SGS (Barluenga et al, 2011;Nazareno et al, 2013), to our knowledge the role of sex ratios has not been thoroughly addressed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent comparative study showed that dioecious Ficus species tend to exhibit stronger SGS than monoecious congeners (Nazareno et al, 2013). The authors identified several factors that might be responsible for shaping different potentials for long-distance pollen dispersal in dioecious and monoecious fig species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors identified several factors that might be responsible for shaping different potentials for long-distance pollen dispersal in dioecious and monoecious fig species. Interestingly, a broader comparison of SGS among different plant taxa showed that dioecy promotes the development of stronger SGS (Nazareno et al, 2013). Nonetheless, because dioecy tends to increase distances between males and females compared with those of a monoecious species, it would rather weaken the intensity of SGS (Schroeder et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relative strength of fine-scale spatial genetic structure in paternally vs biparentally inherited DNA in a dioecious plant depends on both sex proportions and pollen-to-seed dispersal ratio

et al. 2016

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In plants, the spatial genetic structure (SGS) is shaped mainly by gene dispersal and effective population density. Among additional factors, the mode of DNA inheritance and dioecy influence SGS. However, their joint impact on SGS remains unclear, especially in the case of paternally inherited DNA. Using theoretical approximations and computer simulations, here we showed that the relative intensity of SGS measured in paternally and biparentally inherited DNA in a dioecious plant population depends on both the proportion of males and the pollen-to-seed dispersal ratio. As long as males do not prevail in a population, SGS is more intense in paternally than biparentally inherited DNA. When males prevail, the intensity of SGS in paternally vs biparentally inherited DNA depends on the compound effect of sex proportions and the pollen-to-seed dispersal ratio. To empirically validate our predictions, we used the case of Taxus baccata, a dioecious European tree. First, we showed that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in T. baccata is predominantly (98%) paternally inherited. Subsequently, using nuclear DNA (nuDNA) and mitochondrial microsatellite data, we compared the fine-scale SGS intensity at both marker types in two natural populations. The population with equal sex proportions showed stronger SGS in mtDNA than in nuDNA. On the other hand, we found lower SGS intensity in mtDNA than in nuDNA in the population with 67% males. Thus, the empirical results provided good support for the theoretical predictions, suggesting that knowledge about SGS in paternally vs biparentally inherited DNA may provide insight into effective sex proportions within dioecious populations.

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“…However, other studies from amplified fragment length profiles (AFLPs), RAPDs, and microsatellites detected low to moderate levels of genetic diversity (Travis and Sheridan, 2006;Larkin et al, 2008;Larkin et al, 2017) Halodule wrightii population differentiation was first detected in the Texas region as following the genetic isolation-by-distance model (Travis and Sheridan, 2006;Larkin et al, 2008). This result is unsurprising given that H. wrightii seeds are negatively buoyant and are released at the sediment surface, encouraging local dispersal, and that dioecious plants such as seagrasses are more likely to experience isolation-by-distance genetic structuring than monoecious plants (Nazareno et al, 2013). However, isolation-by-distance in seagrasses is highly regionally specific (Muñez-Salazar et al, 2005), and later study showed population structure in the region was more closely related to tidal range than to barriers or distance (Larkin et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genetic Diversity of Two Contrasting Seagrass Species Using Microsatellite Analysis

Digiantonio

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Abstract:The goal of this thesis was to examine the genetic diversity of two diverse seagrass species, Amphibolis antarctica and Halodule wrightii, using microsatellite markers.Microsatellite primers previously did not exist for Amphibolis antarctica and were developed as described in the first chapter. From 48 primer candidates, 14 polymorphic loci were arranged into a 3-panel multiplex. The microsatellite primers successfully amplified and distinguished multi-locus genotypes of samples from two test populations. Genotypic richness varied between populations at 0.26 and 0.85, and an FST = 0.318 indicated population differentiation has occurred. Contrary to previous study, genetic diversity was observed in A. antarctica meadows.Further studies will be able to use these primers for more extensive analysis of the dispersal and recruitment mechanisms, evolutionary history, and connectivity of A. antarctica. The second chapter utilized microsatellite primers in a genetic population study for edge-of-range populations of the tropical/subtropical seagrass Halodule wrightii. Sampling occurred at 15 sites representing the Florida gulf coast, Florida Bay, Indian River Lagoon, North Carolina, and Bermuda. Eleven microsatellites were amplified and allelic diversity, genotypic richness, population differentiation, gene flow, principal components analysis, and k-means population clustering analyses were performed. Diploid, triploid, and tetraploid genotypes were observed.Aneuploidy from somatic mutation may be a way for edge-of-range populations to achieve genetic diversity without sexual reproduction, as sites were highly clonal (R = 0.00 -0.20).Population clustering and principal components analysis grouped sites into 2 main populations.Sites were highly structured (RhoST = 0.297) and genetic differentiation occurred between populations following an isolation-by-distance model. The microsatellite analyses of this thesis allowed for the characterization of genetic diversity and population differentiation of the studied species. Such information can allow restoration and conservation managers to infer genetic processes that are important for mitigation success.ii Acknowledgements:

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Dioecy, more than monoecy, affects plant spatial genetic structure: the case study of Ficus

Cited by 41 publications

References 108 publications

Sex-specific pattern of spatial genetic structure in dioecious and clonal tree species, Populus alba L.

Sex-specific pattern of spatial genetic structure in dioecious and clonal tree species, Populus alba L.

Relative strength of fine-scale spatial genetic structure in paternally vs biparentally inherited DNA in a dioecious plant depends on both sex proportions and pollen-to-seed dispersal ratio

The Genetic Diversity of Two Contrasting Seagrass Species Using Microsatellite Analysis

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