Diols and sugar substitutes in attractive toxic sugar baits targeting Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes

Abstract

Around the world, mosquitoes continue to transmit disease-causing pathogens and develop resistance to insecticides. We previously discovered that a generally regarded as safe (GRAS) compound, 1,2-propanediol, reduces adult mosquito survivorship when ingested. In this study, we assess and compare 5 more chemically related compounds for mosquito lethality and 8 GRAS sugar substitutes to determine toxicity. We conducted a series of feeding assays to determine if ingesting the compounds influenced mosquito mean survivorship in locally collected lab-reared populations of Aedes aegypti (Diptera, Culicidae, Linnaeus, 1762) and Aedes albopictus (Diptera, Culicidae, Skuse, 1894) mosquitoes. Our results indicate that 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, DL-dithiothreitol, acesulfame potassium, allulose, erythritol, sodium saccharin, stevia, and sucralose significantly reduced the mean survivorship of one or both species. Short-term trials with the most toxic compounds revealed that they could substantially affect survivorship after 24 h. We also found that there were different responses in the 2 species and that in several experimental conditions, male mosquitoes expired to a greater extent than female mosquitoes. These findings indicate that several of the compounds are toxic to mosquitoes. Further study is required to determine their effectiveness in attractive toxic sugar baits (ATSBs) as a potential component of population control strategies.

Re‐evaluation of erythritol (E 968) as a food additive

“…In the literature, additional papers and reviews investigating the potential use of erythritol as an alternative to conventional insecticides were retrieved (Baker et al, 2023 ; Barrett et al, 2020 ; Baudier et al, 2014 ; Burgess & Geden, 2019 ; Burgess & King, 2017 ; Burgess et al, 2021 ; Caponera et al, 2020 ; Cha et al, 2023 ; Choi et al, 2019 ; Choi et al, 2017 ; Diaz‐Fleischer et al, 2019 ; Fisher et al, 2017 ; Gilkey et al, 2018 ; Gullickson et al, 2019 ; Lee et al, 2021 , 2023 ; Maestas et al, 2023 ; O'Donnell et al, 2018 ; O'Donnell et al, 2016 ; Pullmann‐Lindsley et al, 2023 ; Sampson et al, 2017a ; Sampson et al, 2017b ; Schmidt‐Jeffris et al, 2021 ; Sharma et al, 2020 ; Tang et al, 2017 ; Wentz et al, 2020 ; Zhang et al, 2017 ; Zheng et al, 2016 ). These papers focused on terrestrial insects.…”