Diopside modified porous polyglycolide scaffolds with improved properties

Abstract

Polyglycolide (PGA) is considered an attractive candidate for bone regeneration because of its good biodegradability as well as biocompatibility. However, its insufficient mechanical strength and inadequate bioactivity limit the applications. In this research, diopside (DIOP) was incorporated into PGA scaffolds for enhancing mechanical and 10 biological properties. The porous scaffolds were fabricated via selective laser sintering (SLS). The effect of DIOP content on the microstructure, mechanical properties, bioactivity as well as cytocompatibility of the porous scaffolds was studied. The results showed that DIOP particles were homogenously distributed within the PGA matrix, which contained up to 10 wt%. This led to an improvement of 171.2% in compressive strength 15 and 46.2% in compressive modulus. In vitro studies demonstrated that the highest apatite forming ability was obtained on the scaffolds surface with the highest amount of DIOP after soaking in simulated body fluid (SBF), suggesting the bioactivity of the scaffolds increased with increasing DIOP. In addition, a cytocompatibility study showed that the scaffolds exhibited a higher degree of cells attachment, growth as well as differentiation 20 than the pure PGA scaffolds. These indicated that the PGA scaffolds modified with DIOP possessed the suitable properties, which could be used for bone tissue regeneration.

Fabrication and characterization of drug-loaded nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 scaffolds modified with carbon nanotubes and silk fibroin

“…36,37 Some inorganic materials have been reported to improve the mechanical and biological properties of bone tissue scaffold. 38,39 The nHA/PA66 porous scaffolds fabricated by a phase inversion method provide a good imitation of natural bone and have been widely used in orthopedics. Xu et al 40 investigated a porous nHA/PA66 scaffold material and showed that three-dimensional pore structures could facilitate cell adhesion, differentiation, and proliferation, and promote fibrovascular and nerve colonization.…”

Doped Calcium Silicate Ceramics: A New Class of Candidates for Synthetic Bone Substitutes

“…In addition, the inclusion of baghdadite enhanced the radiopacity of the composite, as well as the proliferation and osteogenic gene expression (Runx2, osteocalcin, osteopontin) of primary human osteoblasts. Porous PGA scaffolds containing 10 wt % diopside microparticles and fabricated by selective laser sintering exhibited significant increases in compressive strength (10 MPa to 29 MPa), as well as enhanced apatite formation in SBF and reduced acidification effect of PGA degradation which improved the proliferation of MG-63 cells [ 123 ]. Similarly, akermanite powder was found to neutralise the acidic products from polymer degradation when incorporated into PLGA beads to form a drug delivery system [ 124 ].…”

How Does Scaffold Porosity Conduct Bone Tissue Regeneration?

“…The porosities of various SiCa and composite scaffolds have been measured using the aforementioned methods: liquid displacement (distilled water), [ 33,49,50,59,67,68,70,71,74,88–120 ] liquid displacement (ethanol), [ 121–125 ] liquid displacement (hexane), [ 126–129 ] liquid displacement (kerosene), [ 130 ] mercury intrusion, [ 131–135 ] gravimetry [ 45,65,110,136–138 ] , μ‐CT, [ 114,116,139–145 ] 1, and SEM [ 75,84,85,143,146–150 ] according to the literature.…”

“…in which V solid is the solid volume and V total is the total volume of the scaffold. The porosities of various SiCa and composite scaffolds have been measured using the aforementioned methods: liquid displacement (distilled water), [33,49,50,59,67,68,70,71,74, liquid displacement (ethanol), [121][122][123][124][125] liquid displacement (hexane), [126][127][128][129] liquid displacement (kerosene), [130] mercury intrusion, [131][132][133][134][135] gravimetry [45,65,110,[136][137][138] , μ-CT, [114,116,[139][140][141][142][143][144][145] 1, and SEM [75,84,85,143,[146][147][148][149][150] acc...…”