Dioxin-like PCBs and PCDD/Fs in surface sediments near the shore of Winam Gulf, Lake Victoria

Omwoma, Solomon; Lalah, Joseph O.; Virani, Munir Z.; Schramm, Karl‐Werner; Henkelmann, Bernhard

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.07.062

Cited by 24 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Compared to past studies in East Africa, levels of PCBs in sediments in the present study were slightly higher than what has been reported along the Kenyan coast (0.15-1.16 ng g À1 dry weight), 51 Winam Gulf, Lake Victoria, Kenya (6.9 Â 10 À5 to 4 Â 10 À4 ng g À1 ), 52 Napoleon Gulf, Lake Victoria, Uganda (3.6 Â 10 À4 to 8.4 Â 10 À4 ng g À1 ), 16 and less than levels reported at the Kavirondo Gulf, Lake Victoria, Kenya (bdl-60 ng g À1 ). 53 In relation to other parts of the world, PCB levels in the present study were comparable except in extremely polluted areas.…”

Section: Levels Of Pcbs In Real-world Soil and Sedimentscontrasting

confidence: 92%

“…Chemicals and reagents were purchased from the following sources: PCB standards mixture (28,52,101,138,153,180), PCB 14, 15 and 209, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA, M w 13 000-23 000, 87-89% hydrolyzed), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA, >98%), 2,2 0 -azobis isobutyronitrile (AIBN), 4-vinylpyridine (4-VP, 95%), silver nitrate (AgNO 3 ), copper powder (<45 mm), Supelclean C18 SPE cartridges (6 mL, 500 mg, 51.7 mm, 490 m 2 g À1 ), and Supelclean sulfoxide SPE from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany); toluene, pesticide grade n-hexane ($99%), methanol, dichloromethane (DCM), acetone, chloroform, empty SPE cartridges (6 mL) and frits (20 mm porosity) from Carl Roth Chemicals (Karlsruhe, Germany); silica gel 60 0.063-0.200 mm (70-230 mesh), sulphuric acid (95-97%) from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany); and nitrogen (99.999%) for gas chromatography from MTI IndustrieGase AG (Neu-Ulm, Germany). EGDMA and 4-VP were distilled under reduced pressure before use to remove the inhibitors, while water used was puried using a Milli-Q academic lter system (Millipore, Billerica, USA).…”

Section: Chemicals and Reagentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An alternative clean-up column for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in solid matrices

Ndunda

Madadi

Mizaikoff

2015

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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The need for continuous monitoring of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) has necessitated the development of analytical techniques that are sensitive and selective with minimal reagent requirement. In light of this, we developed a column for clean-up of soil and sediment extracts, which is less demanding in terms of the amount of solvent and sorbent. The dual-layer column consists of acidified silica gel and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). MIPs were synthesized via aqueous suspension polymerization using PCB 15 as the dummy template, 4-vinylpyridine as the functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the cross-linker and the obtained particles characterized via SEM, BET, and batch rebinding assays. Pre-concentration of the spiked real-world water sample using MISPE gave recoveries between 85.2 and 104.4% (RSD < 8.69). On the other hand, the specific dual-layer column designed for clean-up of extracts from complex matrices provided recoveries of 91.6-102.5% (RSD < 4%) for spiked soil, which was comparable to clean-up using acidified silica (70.4-90.5%; RSD < 3.72%) and sulfoxide modified silica (89.7-103.0%; RSD < 13.0%). However, the polymers were reusable maintaining recoveries of 79.8-111.8% after 30 cycles of regeneration and re-use, thereby availing a cost-effective clean-up procedure for continuous monitoring of PCBs. Method detection limits were 0.01-0.08 ng g(-1) and 0.002-0.01 ng mL(-1) for solid matrices and water, respectively.

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Section: Levels Of Pcbs In Real-world Soil and Sedimentscontrasting

confidence: 92%

Section: Chemicals and Reagentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An alternative clean-up column for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in solid matrices

Ndunda

Madadi

Mizaikoff

2015

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Referring to the ‘high risk to sensitive species’ (HR = 25 pg·g −1 ), it can be noticed that none of the PCBs-TEQs exceeded the HR limit at any of the sampling sites, indicating the low ecological risk of DL-PCBs in the sediment. Compared with domestic and international studies, the DL-PCBs-TEQs in the sediments of the Beiluo River were at a low contamination level, much lower than that of the Yamuna River [ 40 ], Dagu Drainage River [ 41 ], Nanpaiwu River [ 42 ], East River [ 43 ] and Lake Victoria [ 44 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Distribution, Sources and Risk Assessment of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Sediments from Beiluo River

Han

Chang

Yan

et al. 2023

Toxics

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The distribution and source of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) pollution in the Beiluo River, the secondary tributary of the Yellow River, still remain unclear. With the purpose of determining the distribution, origins, and pollution levels of PCBs and their consequences on ecological risks, the concentrations of 27 PCBs at 17 locations in the sediments of the Beiluo River were examined in this study. The results showed that the mass concentrations of ∑PCBs in the sediment ranged from 0.12 to 1.25 ng∙g−1 (DW), with the highest point at sampling site B13 downstream of the river. Compared to most river sediments, both domestically and internationally, the concentration of PCBs in the sediment of the Beiluo River was at a low level, with 10-PCB and 6-PCB as the main components, indicating that the PCBs that are difficult to volatilise and degrade are more likely to remain in the sediment. The origins of PCBs in the sediments of the Beiluo River were examined by using positive matrix factorisation (PMF). The results revealed that the contamination of PCBs in the sediments of the Beiluo River mainly resulted from industrial emissions, technical PCB mixtures, and coal and wood combustion. The results of the ecological risk assessment indicated that PCBs in the sediments of the study area rarely contribute to adverse biological effects and the potential low risk to the environment.

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“…This lake is located in one of the most developed areas of China, the Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone, and has experienced serious nutrient, heavy metal, and persistent organic pollutant contamination due to a significant increase in human activity during the last 35 years (Jiang et al, 2014;Qin et al, 2014;He et al, 2016a). After collection using a stainless steel Ponar grab sampler (Omwoma et al, 2015;He et al, 2016a), homogenized surface sediment (<15 cm based on the angle of that system), samples were centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 30 min in the laboratory (Yu et al, 2009;Ololade et al, 2012). Generally, to expel the particulate organic matter or mineral solids and obtain pore water, 0.1~0.7 μm pore size membrane were employed (Wang et al, 2011).…”

Section: Sampling and Pretreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The partitioning behavior of persistent toxicant organic contaminants in eutrophic sediments: Coefficients and effects of fluorescent organic matter and particle size

Yang

Liu

et al. 2016

Environmental Pollution

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In the shallow lakes, the partitioning of organic contaminants into the water phase from the solid phase might pose a potential hazard to both benthic and planktonic organisms, which would further damage aquatic ecosystems. This study determined the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and phthalate esters (PAEs) in both the sediment and the pore water from Lake Chaohu and calculated the sediment - pore water partition coefficient (K) and the organic carbon normalized sediment - pore water partition coefficient (K), and explored the effects of particle size, organic matter content, and parallel factor fluorescent organic matter (PARAFAC-FOM) on K. The results showed that log K values of PAHs (2.61-3.94) and OCPs (1.75-3.05) were significantly lower than that of PAEs (4.13-5.05) (p < 0.05). The chemicals were ranked by log K as follows: PAEs (6.05-6.94) > PAHs (4.61-5.86) > OCPs (3.62-4.97). A modified MCI model can predict K values in a range of log 1.5 at a higher frequency, especially for PAEs. The significantly positive correlation between K and the octanol - water partition coefficient (K) were observed for PAHs and OCPs. However, significant correlation was found for PAEs only when excluding PAEs with lower K. Sediments with smaller particle sizes (clay and silt) and their organic matter would affect distributions of PAHs and OCPs between the sediment and the pore water. Protein-like fluorescent organic matter (C2) was associated with the K of PAEs. Furthermore, the partitioning of PARAFAC-FOM between the sediment and the pore water could potentially affect the distribution of organic pollutants. The partitioning mechanism of PAEs between the sediment and the pore water might be different from that of PAHs and OCPs, as indicated by their associations with influencing factors and K.

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Dioxin-like PCBs and PCDD/Fs in surface sediments near the shore of Winam Gulf, Lake Victoria

Cited by 24 publications

References 20 publications

An alternative clean-up column for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in solid matrices

An alternative clean-up column for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in solid matrices

Distribution, Sources and Risk Assessment of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Sediments from Beiluo River

The partitioning behavior of persistent toxicant organic contaminants in eutrophic sediments: Coefficients and effects of fluorescent organic matter and particle size

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