Dioxins and Dioxin‐Like Chemicals

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Dechlorination is Differentially Enhanced by Dichlorobenzene Amendment in Passaic River, NJ Sediments

“…2−4 They have low solubility and volatility and therefore accumulate in soils, sediments, and biota. 1,2 Consequently, these teratogenic compounds can impart severe health consequences on populations living near PCDDcontaminated areas. 2,5 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TeCDD) along with 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-pdioxin (1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD) are the two most toxic congeners of the PCDDs.…”

“…27 Access to the river's natural resources are limited because of this bioaccumulative pollutant. 28−30 2,3,7,8-TeCDD was a byproduct of production of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), a component of the defoliant Agent Orange. 2,3 The majority of 2,3,7,8-TeCDD present in the river is due to discharge and site runoff from an adjacent chemical manufacturing company, which produced 2,4,5-T. 3,29 The 2,3,7,8-TeCDD has been tidally distributed throughout the estuary and detected 26 miles upstream in the Hudson River.…”

“…28−30 2,3,7,8-TeCDD was a byproduct of production of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), a component of the defoliant Agent Orange. 2,3 The majority of 2,3,7,8-TeCDD present in the river is due to discharge and site runoff from an adjacent chemical manufacturing company, which produced 2,4,5-T. 3,29 The 2,3,7,8-TeCDD has been tidally distributed throughout the estuary and detected 26 miles upstream in the Hudson River. 31 The work by the Adriaens group in the 1990s indicated that 2,3,7,8-TeCDD is dechlorinated by bacteria native to the Passaic River, but the responsible bacteria and genes involved were not identified at the time.…”

“…Polychlorinated dibenzo- p -dioxins (PCDDs) are toxic compounds, which, owing to their stable structures, persist in the environment for many years . They have been introduced into the environment at high levels from the historical production of herbicides and are being released at low levels from current industrial activities such as waste incineration and agricultural burning. − They have low solubility and volatility and therefore accumulate in soils, sediments, and biota. , Consequently, these teratogenic compounds can impart severe health consequences on populations living near PCDD-contaminated areas. , 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo- p -dioxin (2,3,7,8-TeCDD) along with 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo- p -dioxin (1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD) are the two most toxic congeners of the PCDDs …”

“…For example, the lower Passaic River, the location of the Diamond Alkali Superfund site, is severely contaminated with 2,3,7,8-TeCDD . Access to the river’s natural resources are limited because of this bioaccumulative pollutant. − 2,3,7,8-TeCDD was a byproduct of production of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), a component of the defoliant Agent Orange. , The majority of 2,3,7,8-TeCDD present in the river is due to discharge and site runoff from an adjacent chemical manufacturing company, which produced 2,4,5-T. , The 2,3,7,8-TeCDD has been tidally distributed throughout the estuary and detected 26 miles upstream in the Hudson River . The work by the Adriaens group in the 1990s indicated that 2,3,7,8-TeCDD is dechlorinated by bacteria native to the Passaic River, but the responsible bacteria and genes involved were not identified at the time. , Dam et al recently observed rapid dechlorination of the model PCDD congener 1,2,3,4-TeCDD in sediments from the adjacent Hackensack River, NJ and identified Dehalococcoides strains in their enrichments …”