Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitory activity of millet protein peptides and the related mechanisms revealed by molecular docking

Roles of Dietary Bioactive Peptides in Redox Balance and Metabolic Disorders

“…Uncontrolled T2DM can cause severe complications such as high blood pressure, stroke, heart attack, atherosclerosis, retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, and dementia. Recently, several peptides derived from a variety of dietary protein sources including egg white, whey, casein, egg yolk, rice bran, quinoa, soybean, wheat, corn, black bean, oat globulin, walnut, potato, common bean, millets, spirulina, bovine, porcine, Atlantic cod, Atlantic salmon, halibut skin, Styela clava, boarfish, tilapia skin, largemouth bass, zebra blenny, blue whiting, and sea cucumber have shown antidiabetic effects by altering several molecular mechanisms of diabetes such as inhibition of enzymes including α-amylase, dipeptidyl peptidase-(DPP-) IV, and α-glucosidase; reduction of FBG and HbA1C; enhancement of HOMA-IR; stimulation of secretion of glucagon-like polypeptide-1 (GLP-1) and insulin levels; upregulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), p-GSK-3β, p-Akt, and glucose transporter (GLUT)2/4 signaling pathways; blocking of glucose transporters GLUT2 and SGLT1; decreasing of the activation of p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)1/2; enhancement of the stimulation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) tyrosine residue and Akt; and decreasing of gluconeogenesis through activation of IRS-1/PI3K/Akt and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) [6,21,[61][62][63][64]. The isolated peptide sequences and molecular mechanisms of dietary antidiabetic peptides are shown in Table 3.…”

“…Peptides obtained from millet, corn, quinoa, egg yolk, oat, whey, casein, Spirulina platensis, porcine, Atlantic salmon, sea cucumber, largemouth bass, blue whiting, and Capros aper inhibited the DPP-IV activity [67,[70][71][72]. It has been found that dietary peptides inhibit DPP-IV through attaching the peptides to the active sites of DPP-IV via hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions and thereby prevent the enzyme action [14,21]. Two peptides NDWHTGPLS and TYPHQQPPILT derived from papain hydrolysates of millet proteins inhibited DPP-IV activity (75%) [21].…”

“…It has been found that dietary peptides inhibit DPP-IV through attaching the peptides to the active sites of DPP-IV via hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions and thereby prevent the enzyme action [ 14 , 21 ]. Two peptides NDWHTGPLS and TYPHQQPPILT derived from papain hydrolysates of millet proteins inhibited DPP-IV activity (75%) [ 21 ]. It was demonstrated that both the peptides inhibited DPP-IV activity by occupying the active sites of DPP-IV via hydrogen and pi bonds.…”

“…Disturbance of balance between oxidants and antioxidants results in the oxidative stress. Recently, many BPs prepared from various food sources such as walnut, egg, fish, quinoa, soybean, millets, corn, wheat, rice, potato, milk, and spirulina have shown to possess beneficial effects in the maintenance of redox homeostasis and prevention/management of metabolic diseases [21][22][23][24][25][26]. However, reviews describing the role of dietary BPs in the modulation of molecular mechanisms of redox balance and metabolic diseases are scanty in the literature.…”

Purification, identification, and molecular mechanism of DPP‐IV inhibitory peptides from defatted Antarctic krill powder

“…Diabetes, a perennial serious disease, had a significant impact on human health with 463 million cases reported in 2019 (Gu et al., 2021). Besides, it is predicted that the number of diabetic patients worldwide will reach 642 million by 2045 (Cho et al., 2018).…”