Diphencyprone and topical tacrolimus as two topical immunotherapeutic modalities. Are they effective in the treatment of alopecia areata among Egyptian patients? A study using CD4, CD8 and MHC II as markers

Hunter, Nahla; Shaker, Olfat G.; Marei, Nema

doi:10.3109/09546630903410182

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Evidence of an autoimmune etiology of this disease is still lacking [8]. T-lymphocytic infiltrate around and inside the bulb of hair follicles is reported in patients with untreated AA [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Genetic factors such as HLA typing, atopic syndrome, thyroid antibodies, and autoimmune diseases have been associated with subtypes of AA [3]. Although the mechanism of action of DPCP has not been clearly defined, it is considered to be one of the effective modalities for the treatment of AA through induction of an allergic contact dermatitis [8]. It has been proposed that different T cells migrate to the treated area which increase the clearance of the follicular antigen [3] predicting 100% response rate for patients with 26% to 49% hair loss, 88% for patients with 50% to 74% hair loss, 60.3% for patients with 75 to 99% hair los,s and 17.4% for patients with AA totalis/universalis [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diphencyprone Induced Vitiligo: A Case Report

Nilforoushzadeh

Keshtmand

Jaffary

et al. 2012

Case Reports in Medicine

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Diphencyprone (DCP) is a contact sensitizer which is used to treat dermatological disorders with an immunological origin, such as extensive alopecia areata (AA). Vitiligo is a rare but known side effect of DPCP therapy which is formed in the treatment site or remote areas. In this paper a 37-year-old man developed alopecia totalis with loss of eyebrows and eyelashes who presented some vitiligo patches on his scalp and arm distant from the location of DPCP application and a 42-year-old woman with 25 years history of hair loss and 3 months DPCP application who revealed some vitiligo patches on the scalp with distant to the site of application at the 6th week are reported. Considering the absence of personal and family history of Vitiligo in our two cases, the hypothesis of latent Vitiligo is not proved. The positive patch test in left arm of one of the patients also suggests the direct role of DPCP as the cause of Vitiligo occurrence. As the development of vitiligo by DCP is unpredictable and the depigmentation may persist indefinitely, it is important to inform all patients about this potential adverse effect before starting the treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diphencyprone Induced Vitiligo: A Case Report

Nilforoushzadeh

Keshtmand

Jaffary

et al. 2012

Case Reports in Medicine

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Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, the consequence of the type of treatment which is inducing contact dermatitis in patients, also puts caregivers at risk of sensitization, a known phenomenon that has not been taken into account in our evaluation of the evidence. 25 Furthermore, treatment with DPCP is time consuming for both patient and caretaker. The costs of DPCP itself are low, but the costs of safety measures in the preparation of DPCP, weekly visits to an outpatient clinic and additional care for side-effects need to be taken into consideration.…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diphenylcyclopropenone in patients with alopecia areata. A critically appraised topic

Kuin¹,

Spuls

Limpens

et al. 2015

Br J Dermatol

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“…As an example, long‐term anti‐inflammatory therapy faces clear limitations, because the ‘good’ skin penetration of topical corticosteroids, small and lipophilic, comes at the price of unselective entry in both affected and unaffected skin. The penetration rates of calcineurin inhibitors, high molecular weight alternatives, appear to be insufficient for topical hair therapy, at least when delivered by conventional means . Novel formulations, for example shampoos and foam preparations, widened the spectrum of hair therapeutics .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective hair therapy: bringing science to the fiction

Vogt

Blume-Peytavi

2014

Experimental Dermatology

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Investigations on carrier-based drug delivery systems for higher selectivity in hair therapy have clearly evolved from dye release and model studies to highly sophisticated approaches, many of which specifically tackle hair indications and the delivery of hair-relevant molecules. Here, we group recent hair diseaseoriented work into efforts towards (i) improved delivery of conventional drugs, (ii) delivery of novel drug classes, for example biomolecules and (iii) targeted delivery on the cellular/molecular level. Considering the solid foundation of experimental work, it does not take a large step outside the current box of thinking to follow the idea of using large carriers (>500 nm, unlikely to penetrate as a whole) for follicular penetration, retention and protection of sensitive compounds. Yet, reports on particles <200 nm being internalized by keratinocytes and dendritic cells at sites of barrier disruption (e.g., hair follicles) combined with recent advances in nanodermatology add interesting new facets to the possibilities carrier technologies could offer, for example, unprecedented levels of selectivity. The authors provide thoughtprovoking ideas on how smart delivery technologies and advances in our molecular understanding of hair pathophysiology could result in a whole new era of hair therapeutics. As the field still largely remains in preclinical investigation, determined efforts towards production of medical grade material and truly translational work are needed to demonstrate surplus value of carrier systems for clinical applications.

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Diphencyprone and topical tacrolimus as two topical immunotherapeutic modalities. Are they effective in the treatment of alopecia areata among Egyptian patients? A study using CD4, CD8 and MHC II as markers

Cited by 14 publications

References 32 publications

Diphencyprone Induced Vitiligo: A Case Report

Diphencyprone Induced Vitiligo: A Case Report

Diphenylcyclopropenone in patients with alopecia areata. A critically appraised topic

Selective hair therapy: bringing science to the fiction

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