Diplodia sapinea is colonizing the native Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) in the northern Baltics

Adamson, Kalev; Kļaviņa, Dārta; Drenkhan, Rein; Gaitnieks, T.; Hanso, M.

doi:10.1007/s10658-015-0686-8

Cited by 37 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…For example, Lasiodiplodia theobromae destroys seeds of various Pinus species in USA, South Africa and Brazil [6][7][8]. Diplodia sapinea causes tip blight of pines in trees of all ages [9] and has been commonly associated with cones and seeds of various pine species [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptic Risks to Forest Biosecurity Associated with the Global Movement of Commercial Seed

Cleary

Oskay

Doğmuş

et al. 2019

Forests

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The import and export of tree seed carries with it risks of inadvertent introduction of pests and pathogens to hitherto unaffected regions. Although trade in seed of specified trees is regulated, phytosanitary requirements for most tree species are minimal, even those related to the most important forest tree species in a given region. A better understanding of the microbiome associated with seed intended for commercial production or ornamental use, and their potential risk with the transport from the source origin of distributors, will help regulatory agencies implement measures to safeguard seed health and avoid trade-related spread of potentially harmful pathogens. In this study we used high-throughput sequencing to show that highly diverse fungal communities were associated with seed of 14 different Pinus species obtained from seed banks (seed orchards) and retail sources (online distributors) in North America and Europe. Fungal diversity differed among the 23 seedlots tested. Community composition did not relate to the species of Pinus nor the country of origin. Assigned potential functions based on sequence identity using FUNGuild provided an overall understanding of the likely life strategies of fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Of those sequences classified to a trophic level, 453 were plant pathogens, with the Dothideomycetes having the highest prevalence. The most common plant pathogens included Sydowia polyspora, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Diplodia intermedia and Diplodia sapinea that were detected from the majority of Pinus species. The evidence presented here illustrates an urgent need for plant protection authorities, practitioners and the general public to recognize the potential risk of introducing harmful pathogens through innocent transport of seed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptic Risks to Forest Biosecurity Associated with the Global Movement of Commercial Seed

Cleary

Oskay

Doğmuş

et al. 2019

Forests

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“…Current studies observed an extremely high risk of S. sapinea epidemic development and even expect increasing damage to conifer forests in combination with drought conditions as prognosticated as part of climate change (EXFOR Database, ; Fabre et al, ). Recent studies on S. sapinea infection focused on the colonization determination and species identification (Adamson, Klavina, Drenkhan, Gaitnieks, & Hanso, ; Luchi et al, ), the significance of concomitant biotic and/or abiotic stress factors (Sherwood, Villari, Capretti, & Bonello, ; Wallis et al, ), as well as N fertilization levels (Sherwood et al, ; Wallis et al, ), and induced systemic resistance (Bonello & Blodgett, ; Sherwood & Bonello, ; Wallis et al, ). However, the biochemical and physiological consequences of S. sapinea infection for its pine host, especially changes of the phytohormone profile and antioxidative metabolism mediated by the pathogen, have not been elucidated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences of Sphaeropsis tip blight disease for the phytohormone profile and antioxidative metabolism of its pine host

Sakakibara

Kojima

et al. 2018

Plant Cell & Environment

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Phytopathogenic fungi infections induce plant defence responses that mediate changes in metabolic and signalling processes with severe consequences for plant growth and development. Sphaeropsis tip blight, induced by the endophytic fungus Sphaeropsis sapinea that spreads from stem tissues to the needles, is the most widespread disease of conifer forests causing dramatic economic losses. However, metabolic consequences of this disease on bark and wood tissues of its host are largely unexplored. Here, we show that diseased host pines experience tissue dehydration in both bark and wood. Increased cytokinin and declined indole-3-acetic acid levels were observed in both tissues and increased jasmonic acid and abscisic acid levels exclusively in the wood. Increased lignin contents at the expense of holo-cellulose with declined structural biomass of the wood reflect cell wall fortification by S. sapinea infection. These changes are consistent with H O accumulation in the wood, required for lignin polymerization. Accumulation of H O was associated with more oxidized redox states of glutathione and ascorbate pools. These findings indicate that S. sapinea affects both phytohormone signalling and the antioxidative defence system in stem tissues of its pine host during the infection process.

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“…J. Kickx and Dothistroma septosporum (Dorogin) M. Morelet (Adamson et al, 2015). The occurrence of new pathogens as well as increased influence of the already present ones is expected in future.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Lophodermium spp. in young scots pine stands in Latvia

Polmanis¹,

Gaitnieks²,

Beļeviča³

et al. 2017

Research for Rural Development

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Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is one of the most widespread coniferous species in boreal zones and it has a considerable economic importance in the Baltic countries. The impact of fungi on Scots pine has been known also historically, but it is predicted that it will increase in future due to climate changes that will have a positive effect on incidence and vitality of various species of fungi. The aim of the study was to characterize the occurrence of Lophodermium spp. in young stands of Scots pine in Latvia. Needle samples were collected from young pine stands (aged 1 -14 years) located in all regions of Latvia. DNA extraction from needles was done using modified CTAB protocol, presence of Lophodermium in total extracted DNA was detected using a PCR method. Meteorological data -air temperature and precipitation -were obtained from all 34 observation stations of the Latvian Environment, Geology and Meteorology Centre. The presence of Lophodermium spp. was detected in all surveyed stands, and occurrence differences between the western and eastern regions were significant (p = 0.004). The occurrence of Lophodermium spp. in the eastern and western regions was affected by the meteorological conditions in autumn and winter of the previous years, as well as differences in the given years' air temperature and precipitation. In 2016, the eastern region of Latvia had a higher May-August precipitation and, to a lesser extent, temperature, which correlated with a higher occurrence of Lophodermium spp.

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Diplodia sapinea is colonizing the native Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) in the northern Baltics

Cited by 37 publications

References 18 publications

Cryptic Risks to Forest Biosecurity Associated with the Global Movement of Commercial Seed

Cryptic Risks to Forest Biosecurity Associated with the Global Movement of Commercial Seed

Consequences of Sphaeropsis tip blight disease for the phytohormone profile and antioxidative metabolism of its pine host

Occurrence of Lophodermium spp. in young scots pine stands in Latvia

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