Diploid hydatidiform moles with fetal red blood cells in molar villi. 1—pathology, incidence and prognosis

The interplay of Graves’ disease and twin molar pregnancy

“…The incidence ranges from 1 in 22 000 to 100 000 pregnancies and this may be increasing with greater use of assisted reproductive techniques 2. The association of complete hydatidiform mole and live fetus in the same pregnancy, as in this case, generally represents dizygotic twin pregnancies in which one fertilisation results in a complete mole and the other in a normal cotwin 10. Hyperthyroidism in this type of pregnancy is more pronounced compared with molar pregnancy alone.…”

Complete Hydatidiform Mole with Coexisting Twin Fetus: Usefulness of MRI in Management Planning

“…3). This earlier view of the absence of embryo has now been challenged by the reported demonstration of androgenic CHM with embryonic tissue, which dies early in pregnancy itself [2,3].…”

Trophoblastic disease

“…It is usually maintained that fetal tissues are not found in association with a complete mole, but, while villous stromal vessels are usually absent, attenuated vestiges of such vessels are apparent in a small minority of cases and in occasional complete moles there may be quite well formed fetal vessels containing nucleated red blood cells; amniotic tissue may also occasionally be seen. 3 A characteristic feature is the presence of stromal nuclear debris. 4,5 All moles show, by definition, some degree of atypical trophoblastic proliferation, although this is not necessarily present in all the villi, some of which may have a flattened trophoblastic mantle.…”