Diplotriaena, Serratospiculum, and Serratospiculoides

Sterner, Mauritz C.; Cole, Rebecca A.

doi:10.1002/9780813804620.ch25

Cited by 18 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…Serratospiculum tendo may be distinguished easily from S. chungi and S. guttatum , mainly by the longer length of the spicules (Bain & Vassiliades, 1969; Bain & Mawson, 1981). Recently, Königová et al (2013) reported Serratospiculum amaculata in the great tit ( Parus major ) from Slovakia; however, this species is currently not considered a member of Serratospiculum but of Serratospiculoides (Sterner & Cole, 2008; Anderson et al , 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the morbidity and mortality by diplotraenoid nematodes has been described for S. seurati in captive birds of prey in the Middle East (Samour & Naldo, 2001; Tarello, 2006), and Serratospiculoides amaculata in free-ranging individuals in North America (Bigland et al , 1964; Kocan & Gordon, 1976; Sterner & Espinosa, 1998; Sterner & Cole, 2008). Clinical signs included dyspnoea, reduced flight performance, weight loss, anorexia, lethargy, vomiting, closed eyes, pain and tremors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinical signs included dyspnoea, reduced flight performance, weight loss, anorexia, lethargy, vomiting, closed eyes, pain and tremors. The most common pathological changes were thickening of air-sac membranes compromising air exchange, congestion, focal haemorrhages and focal necrosis of lungs, and bronchial oedema with secondary bacterial and mycotic infections causing death (Bigland et al , 1964; Kocan & Gordon, 1976; Sterner & Espinosa, 1998; Samour & Naldo, 2001; Tarello, 2006; Sterner & Cole, 2008). Kalisinska et al (2008) reported intestinal helminths such as digeneans and a cestode, an epidermal mycosis and a pulmonary bacterial infection in an emaciated peregrine falcon from Poland with an infection of S. tendo in the air sacs, but the death of the falcon was not linked to a specific cause.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to direct effects induced by nematodes on tissues of their hosts, such infections may affect host body condition, and, in turn, flight performance and predatory effectiveness, together with a predisposition to secondary trauma (Bigland et al , 1964; Kocan & Gordon, 1976; Samour & Naldo, 2001; Tarello, 2006; Sterner & Cole, 2008; Santoro et al , 2010). For example, peregrine falcons catch their avian prey during spectacular flight performances (Ratcliffe, 2000) and non-optimal health condition may cause flying imbalance and accidental impacts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The occurrence and pathogenicity ofSerratospiculum tendo(Nematoda: Diplotriaenoidea) in birds of prey from southern Italy

et al. 2015

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The air sacs of free-ranging birds of prey (n= 652) from southern Italy, including 11 species of Accipitriformes and six of Falconiforms, were examined for infections with Serratospiculum tendo (Nematoda: Diplotriaenoidea). Of the 17 species of birds examined, 25 of 31 (80.6%) peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus) from Calabria Region and a single northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) from Campania Region were infected with S. tendo, suggesting a strong host specificity for the peregrine falcon. The northern goshawk and 18 of 25 infected peregrine falcons showed cachexia and all infected birds had bone fractures. At gross examination, air sacculitis and pneumonia were the most common lesions in infected birds. Microscopically, the air-sac walls showed thickening of the smooth muscle cells, resulting in a papillary appearance, along with hyperplasia of the mesothelium and epithelium, and foci of plasma cell infiltration and macrophages associated with several embryonated eggs and adult parasites. Extensive areas of inflammation were found in the lungs, characterized by lymphocytes, macrophages and fibroblasts surrounding embryonated eggs. The northern goshawk also had detachment of the dextral lung with several necrotic foci. In this case, the death of the bird was directly attributed to S. tendo infection. Lesions and pathological changes observed here suggest that S. tendo can cause disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The occurrence and pathogenicity ofSerratospiculum tendo(Nematoda: Diplotriaenoidea) in birds of prey from southern Italy

et al. 2015

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“…Here the adults develop and can survive for several years. Ova are deposited into the air sacs, then move into the lungs via movement of air and mucus, and finally are coughed up and swallowed (Sterner and Cole 2008).…”

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confidence: 99%

Air Sac Nematode Monopetalonema alcedinis in a Belted Kingfisher (Megaceryle alcyon) in Maryland, USA

Bronson¹,

Kelly

Hoberg

2014

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:Sporadic and geographically widespread reports of parasites affecting the Belted Kingfisher (Megaceryle alcyon) have been published but few have described details of the pathology. A female, adult kingfisher was found dead in a heavily wooded area of a zoo in Maryland, USA. At necropsy, numerous sexually dimorphic, 4.4-40.5-cm adult Monopetalonema alcedinis nematodes were found tightly wound within the coelomic cavity between organs and completely filling the caudal thoracic and abdominal air sacs. Abundant, 30-60-mm diameter, larvated, thick-walled ova were found in the bronchi and parabronchi, within the mesentery, and in the serosa of multiple coelomic organs. Monopetalonema alcedinis is a characteristic member of the superfamily Diplotriaenoidea, a group of nematodes occurring in birds and reptiles. Infective larvae within an invertebrate intermediate host are ingested and penetrate the intestine, traveling to the lungs and then into the air sacs, where the adult females release eggs. The ova are coughed up by the avian host and passed in feces. Specimens of M. alcedinis have been found in the Belted Kingfisher, although typically intensity of infection is low and infections remain asymptomatic. In contrast, we report the second documented case of high numbers of M. alcedinis resulting in pathologic changes in which parasitism contributed to host mortality.

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Parasitic Disease Agents Transmitted to Wildlife by Arthropods

2010

Insects and Wildlife

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Diplotriaena, Serratospiculum, and Serratospiculoides

Cited by 18 publications

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The occurrence and pathogenicity ofSerratospiculum tendo(Nematoda: Diplotriaenoidea) in birds of prey from southern Italy

The occurrence and pathogenicity ofSerratospiculum tendo(Nematoda: Diplotriaenoidea) in birds of prey from southern Italy

Air Sac Nematode Monopetalonema alcedinis in a Belted Kingfisher (Megaceryle alcyon) in Maryland, USA

Parasitic Disease Agents Transmitted to Wildlife by Arthropods

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