Dipstick haematuria and bladder cancer in men over 60: results of a community study.

Abstract

Denied by relativc 5 Not requcstcd 3 1 (Chisholm GD. Time to end the softly softly approach on harvesting organs for transplantation.

Early Results of Urothelial Carcinoma Screening in a Risk Population of Coke Workers: Urothelial Carcinoma among Coke Workers

“…In the present study, we report our early experience concerning the development of UC in a risk group of workers, employed in a Ligurian coke plant, who were exposed to the products formed during coke production for a mean period of 16 years. In accordance with other authors, our screening protocol also included an extensive history and physical examination, in order to identify possible associated risk factors or suspect lesions for UC, followed by non-invasive urinary tests which could help to distinguish healthy individuals from those who required further examination such as cystoscopy, urography or CT scan [9][10][11][16][17] . Particularly, we decided to combine the execution of urine analysis with urinary cytology and the uCyt+ assay in order to produce a high detection rate for all forms of UC, limiting the need for cystoscopy only in the event of a positive urine analysis [18][19][20][21][22] .…”

Urinary nuclear matrix protein 22 as a new marker for the screening of urothelial cancer in patients with microscopic hematuria

“…However, the incidence of urothelial cancer in patients with microscopic hematuria is markedly lower than that in patients with macroscopic hematuria and is usually no more than several percent. 4,5 However, because the number of patients with microscopic hematuria has been increasing with the spread of health examinations, the development of a screening method for patients with microscopic hematuria who need closer urologic examination, such as cystoscopy, is required. 12 Urologists commonly use urine cytology, ultrasonography and intravenous urography as screening tests before cystoscopy.…”

What Is an Abnormal Test Strip Urinary Erythrocyte Concentration?

“…Most laboratories consider a negative result as normal, based on findings in referred patients and on population studies showing that urinary tract tumors and other serious diseases are found in those with even trace amounts of blood on test strips (2)(3)(4). In two population studies, dipsticks were positive for blood in 3% of men of all ages (3 ) and in 13% of those over 60 years (4 ).…”

“…Recent recommendations support a repeat urinalysis after 48 h to confirm positive dipstick findings and a work-up that includes confirmation of the dipstick results by microscopic urinalysis (14,15 ) and identification of dysmorphic RBCs (14,15 ). This approach decreases the sensitivity for detecting serious urothelial diseases because of the intermittent nature of hematuria in patients with serious urothelial disease (2)(3)(4)16 ), the known problems with the precision and accuracy of microscopic urinalysis (2,17,18 ), with intralaboratory CV of 25-50% (8,19 ), and with the possibility of concomitant dysmorphic RBCs in the urine in the presence of urothelial cancer (20 ). It has been pointed out that current data are inadequate to support clear-cut recommendations regarding the management of microscopic hematuria (15 ).…”

“…Most laboratories consider a negative result as normal, based on findings in referred patients and on population studies showing that urinary tract tumors and other serious diseases are found in those with even trace amounts of blood on test strips (2)(3)(4). In two population studies, dipsticks were positive for blood in 3% of men of all ages (3 ) and in 13% of those over 60 years (4 ). A few patients with blood in their urine were found to have urothelial malignancies, but most had only a trace amount of RBCs on initial testing, with re-testing yielding intermittently positive results (3,4 ); intermittently positive results may be attributable in part to variations in the methodology used because visual inspection by technicians and by patients themselves is less sensitive and less precise than semiautomated reflectance readings of urinalysis dipsticks (5 ).…”