Diptera Reared from Michigan Onions Growing from Seed1

Merrill, Leland G.

doi:10.1093/jee/44.6.1015

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Chaetopsis massyla has been reared in the USA from onions (Allium cepa L.) in Michigan (Merrill, 1951), and from decaying Narcissus spp. Chaetopsis massyla has been reared in the USA from onions (Allium cepa L.) in Michigan (Merrill, 1951), and from decaying Narcissus spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alternative plants for development of picture‐winged fly pests of maize

Goyal

Nuessly

Seal³

et al. 2012

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Eleven species of picture-winged flies (Diptera: Ulidiidae: Lipsanini) have been reported attacking maize [Zea mays L. (Poaceae)] ears in the Americas. Four of these species are sweet corn pests in America north of Mexico: Chaetopsis massyla (Walker), Euxesta annonae (Fabricius), E. eluta Loew, and E. stigmatias Loew. Adults of these four species appear at the beginning of each season following maize-free periods, suggesting other plants act as food sources for maintenance and development of these flies. Studies were conducted in Florida, USA, to evaluate the suitability of several crop and non-crop plants commonly occurring near maize plantings as developmental hosts for these flies. Laboratory trials were conducted using laboratory colonies of C. massyla, E. eluta, and E. stigmatias to determine their developmental rates and pupal survivorship on roots, stems, leaves, or fruits of 14 crop and weed species. All three fly species completed development on all tested crops (Brassica oleracea L., Capsicum chinense Jacquin, Capsicum annum L., Carica papaya L., Persea americana Mill., Raphanus sativus L., Saccharum officinarum L., and Solanum lycopersicum L.) and weed species [Amaranthus spinosus L., Portulaca oleracea L., Sorghum halepense (L.), and Typha spp.], except for Daucus carota L. roots and Solanum tuberosum L. tubers. Findings of the current study suggest that the presence of multiple host crops in areas surrounding maize fields may help explain the occurrence of these maize-infesting ulidiids immediately after prolonged absences of maize.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several other commodities have been found to be developmental hosts of these flies that were not evaluated in our study. Chaetopsis massyla has been reared in the USA from onions (Allium cepa L.) in Michigan (Merrill, 1951), and from decaying Narcissus spp. bulbs in New York (Blanton, 1938).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative plants for development of picture‐winged fly pests of maize

Goyal

Nuessly

Seal³

et al. 2012

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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“…Several genera of Ulidiidae are saprophagous with some phytophagous in nature (Hawley 1922, Chittenden 1927, Merrill 1951, Allen and Foote 1967, Kameneva and Korneyev 2010. It is possible that C. massyla, E. eluta, and E. stigmatias evolved their feeding habits from saprophagous to phytophagous as more accessible plant foods became available.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examination of the Pest Status of Corn-Infesting Ulidiidae (Diptera)

Goyal¹,

Nuessly²,

Seal³

et al. 2012

Environ Entomol

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Larvae of 11 species of picture-winged flies (Diptera: Ulididae) are known to feed on corn plants (Zea mays L.) in the western hemisphere. Larvae emerge from eggs deposited in leaf axils and corn silk to feed mostly within ears, but the primary versus secondary nature (i.e., pest status) of their infestation is not known for all of these species. Choice and no-choice tests by using a split-plot design were conducted in greenhouse and field trials to determine the pest status on sweet corn of three of these species found in Florida: Chaetopsis massyla (Walker), Euxesta eluta Loew, and E. stigmatias Loew. The main treatments (uninfested ears and ears experimentally infested with either Spodoptera frugiperda [Lepidoptera: Noctuidae] or E. eluta larvae) were applied at first silk. The subtreatments (C. massyla, E. eluta, or E. stigmatias adults caged on ears) were applied 7 d later and maintained for 10 d. All three fly species were reared from uninfested and experimentally infested ears in both choice and no-choice tests in greenhouse and field trials confirming both primary and secondary modes of ear infestation. More flies of all three species emerged from ears that were preinfested with S. frugiperda compared with uninfested ears suggesting either preference for or greater survival within ears previously infested by S. frugiperda. Fewer E. eluta and E. stigmatias emerged from ears preinfested with E. eluta in no-choice field tests, suggesting that previous infestation by this fly may negatively affect oviposition or that older fly larvae affect survival of neonate larvae. All three species studied here should be considered primary pests that can render unprotected sweet corn ears unmarketable.

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“…)), the writer found (Miles, 1948) that D. cilicrura was present on onions in association with D. antiqua, and that second-generation larvae of D. cilicrura infested leeks, though these were not attacked by D. antiqua. Merrill (1951) and Merrill & Hutson (1953) reared Diptera from onions in Michigan and found that, although D. antiqua was the most numerous species throughout the season, up to one-fifth of the flies reared in May and June from attacked onions were D. cilicrura, and at one centre where severe infestation occurred early in the season and affected 10-50 per cent, of the seedlings in a large planting, representative samples showed that only D. cilicrura was present. These observations in England and America suggest that D. cilicrura may be a more serious and widespread pest of onions than has generally been recognised.…”

Section: By Mary Milesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies of British Anthomyiid Flies. VII.—The Onion-Fly Complex

Miles

1955

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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Onions are attacked by larvae of Anthomyiid flies from May to August. Two species are concerned, namely the onion fly, Delia antiqua (Mg.), and the bean seed fly, D. cilicrura (Rond.). The onion fly, which in some seasons is mainly univoltine, attacks the crop in June and July. The bean seed fly, which has. 3–4 generations a year, is most injurious to spring-sown onions in May and to summer-sown onions in August. Attack by D. antiqua is the result of the chemotropic response of the species to its host-plants. Attack by D. cilicrura follows the disturbance of the soil during cultural operations in April-May, and occurs again when seed-beds are prepared for August sowings.The recognition of this complex pattern of attack makes it necessary to reconsider the value of established control measures. The calomel (mercurous chloride) seed-dressing is unlikely to give control of onion fly because its ovicidal efficiency is impaired by exposure to the air during the three months between the sowing of onion seed (end of February) and oviposition (end of May), and by the growth of the plants, which results in the eggs being laid at some distance from the old seed-coat which carries the ovicide. It is also unlikely to have a direct effect on infestation by bean seed fly, because the eggs of this species are not necessarily laid on the seedlings and, in the case of August sowings, the eggs may have hatched before the seed is sown.

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Diptera Reared from Michigan Onions Growing from Seed1

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Alternative plants for development of picture‐winged fly pests of maize

Alternative plants for development of picture‐winged fly pests of maize

Examination of the Pest Status of Corn-Infesting Ulidiidae (Diptera)

Studies of British Anthomyiid Flies. VII.—The Onion-Fly Complex

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