“…The misfolding and aggregation of specific proteins are often associated with some pathological states named “conformational diseases” (Soto & Pritzkow, 2018). Understanding the biomolecular mechanisms triggering the misfolding and the subsequent aggregation of proteins is of paramount importance for tackling many diseases, including diabetes and Alzheimer's disease, among others (Laneri et al, 2022). Notably, insulin is a protein deeply involved in the development and management of diabetes and, for this reason, its structure (Weiss, 2009), folding (Hua, 2010; Liu et al, 2018), protease susceptibility (Farris et al, 2003; Tundo et al, 2017), oligomerization and fibrillation (Nettleton et al, 2000; Zingale et al, 2023a), as well as interactions with different metal ions also involved in diabetes (Carpenter & Wilcox, 2014; Gavrilova et al, 2014; Kant et al, 2021; Lisi et al, 2014), have been widely investigated with a variety of experimental approaches.…”