Direct analysis of free-base nicotine in tobacco leaf by headspace solid-phase micro-extraction combined with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Tang, Li; Yang, Haowei; He, Liang; Wang, Meng; Zhu, Baokun; Liao, Tougen

doi:10.1007/s00769-019-01381-z

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Otherwise, the metabolic activities of tobacco microorganisms affect the formation of aromatic active compounds, which define the tobacco quality. To analyze the volatile metabolites in tobacco, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) have been applied in recent studies as the most commonly used approach (Cai et al, 2013;Zhang et al, 2013;Lin et al, 2014;Qin et al, 2021;Vu et al, 2021), the main metabolites were often consisted of tobacco alkaloids, aldehydes, aldehydes and ketones, alcohols, alkane and alcohols (Nedeltcheva-Antonova et al, 2016;Farag et al, 2018;Tang et al, 2019;Zelinkova and Wenzl, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phyllosphere microbial community of cigar tobacco and its corresponding metabolites

Liu

Guo

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Cigar is made of a typical fermented tobacco where the microbiota inhabits within an alkaline environment. Our current understanding on cigar fermentation is far from thorough. This work employed both high-throughput sequencing and chromatography-mass spectrometric technologies to provide new scientific reference for this specific fermented system. Typical cigar samples from different regions (the Caribbeans, South America, East Asia, and Southeast Asia) were investigated. The results show that Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota were the predominant phyla in the cigar samples. Rather than the fungal community, it was the bacterial community structures that played vital roles to differentiate the cigar from different regions: Staphylococcus was the dominant genus in the Americas; Bacillus was the dominant genus in Southeast Asia; while in East Asia, there was no dominant genus. Such differences in community structure then affected the microflora metabolism. The correlation between microbiota and metabolites revealed that Aspergillaceae, Cercospora, and Staphylococcus were significantly correlated with sclareolide; Bacillus were positively associated with isophorone. Alcaligenaceae was significantly and positively correlated with L-nicotine and hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester.GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phyllosphere microbial community of cigar tobacco and its corresponding metabolites

Liu

Guo

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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“…However, free nicotine is a semivolatile component, and tobacco contains numerous highly volatile components such as acetic acid, formic acid, and ammonia. Tese volatile components will also enter the gas phase at higher temperatures, altering the original acidic or alkaline environment of nicotine molecules in tobacco and afecting the distribution of nicotine in the analytes [20,22,23]. Bao et al employed HS-SPME for the determination of free nicotine content in the total particulate matter of reference cigarette 2R4F and Canadian Monitor 8.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It involves acidizing (converting all forms of nicotine in tobacco into protonated nicotine) to accurately determine the total nicotine content in tobacco through diferent instrumental analysis methods, [10] alkalization (converting all nicotine in tobacco into free nicotine and then measuring), [11] or direct solvent extraction (using a solvent with good solubility to extract all forms of nicotine into the solution and then testing) [12,13]. Several methods exist for determining free nicotine content, such as pH calculation, [5,[13][14][15] nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, [1,[16][17][18][19] headspace solidphase microextraction (HS-SPME), [20][21][22][23], and solvent extraction [15,24]. However, each method has limitations and shortcomings that restrict its application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Extraction and Determination of Free Nicotine in Cigarette Smoke

Li,

Wen,

Deng

et al. 2024

Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry

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The accurate determination of the free nicotine content in cigarette smoke is crucial for assessing cigarette quality, studying harm and addiction, and reducing tar levels. Currently, the determination of free nicotine in tobacco products primarily relies on methods such as pH calculation, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME), and traditional solvent extraction. However, these methods have limitations that restrict their widespread application. In this study, the free nicotine in cigarette smoke was directly extracted by using cyclohexane according to the traditional solvent extraction method and detected via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Compared with the traditional two-phase solvent extraction, our experimental method is easy to execute and eliminates the influence of aqueous solutions on the original distribution of nicotine in cigarette smoke particulate matter. Furthermore, the presence of protonated nicotine in tobacco does not affect the determination. Compared with HS-SPME and NMR spectroscopy, our approach, which involves solvent extraction followed by chromatographic separation and instrumental detection, offers simplicity, improved precision, better detection limits, and reduced interference during the instrumental detection stage. The standard addition recoveries in the conducted experiment ranged from 96.2% to 102.5%. The limit of detection was 2.8 μg/cig, and the correlation coefficient R2 for the quadratic regression of the standard curve exceeded 0.999. The relative standard deviation for parallel samples was between 1.7% and 3.4% (n = 5), fully meeting the requirements for the determination of free nicotine in cigarette smoke. Analysis of cigarette samples from 38 commercially available brands revealed that the content of free nicotine ranged from 0.376 to 0.716 mg/cig, with an average of 0.540 mg/cig, and free nicotine accounted for 39.1%–88.8% of the total nicotine content.

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“…Firstly, adding methanol to an appropriate amount of sieved upper leaf and lower leaf samples and shaking in an air bath at 25 °C for 2h. After resting and layering, the supernatant was aspirated for chromatographic analysis with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS, 7890B/5977A, US, Agilent) [ 22 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyaspartic acid increases potassium content and reduces the ratio of total sugar to nicotine in tobacco leaves

Zhang,

Tian,

et al. 2024

Heliyon

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Direct analysis of free-base nicotine in tobacco leaf by headspace solid-phase micro-extraction combined with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Cited by 8 publications

References 15 publications

Phyllosphere microbial community of cigar tobacco and its corresponding metabolites

Phyllosphere microbial community of cigar tobacco and its corresponding metabolites

Direct Extraction and Determination of Free Nicotine in Cigarette Smoke

Polyaspartic acid increases potassium content and reduces the ratio of total sugar to nicotine in tobacco leaves

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