Direct analysis of lignin and lignin-like components from softwood kraft pulp by Py-GC/MS techniques

Ohra-aho, Taina; Tenkanen, Maija; Tamminen, Tarja

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2004.11.010

Cited by 84 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This can be overcome by thermally assisted hydrolysis and methylation (or thermochemolysis, [20]). Below, approaches in which hydrolysis and methylation are utilized [20][21][22] as well as methods in which no hydrolysis and methylation take place prior to analysis [16,23,24] are discussed. Qualitative analysis of chlorolignins and lignosulfonates in pulp-mill effluents was performed by van Loon et al [23] using Py-MS, Py-GC-MS, and ultrafiltration.…”

Section: Py-gc-msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical methodology for sulfonated lignins

Brudin¹,

Schoenmakers²

2010

J of Separation Science

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There is a significant need to characterize and classify lignins and sulfonated lignins. Lignins have so far received a good deal of attention, whereas this is not true for sulfonated lignins. There is a clear demand for a better understanding of sulfonated lignins on a chemical as well as physical level. Many of the analytical methods have been developed with different goals in mind, for example, detection of sulfonated lignins in pulp-mill effluents, elucidation of structural changes in lignosulfonates during a pulping process, or identification of properties that may affect a formulation when sulfonated lignins are used as a dispersant. When sulfonated lignins are used in industrial applications, analytical data obtained using different techniques may be necessary to enable prediction of their behavior in the target application. In the present review, a critical discussion of established and promising analytical techniques for the characterization of sulfonated lignins is presented.

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Section: Py-gc-msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical methodology for sulfonated lignins

Brudin¹,

Schoenmakers²

2010

J of Separation Science

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“…Py-GC/MS is in the meanwhile an established rapid and highly sensitive technique for studying the chemical composition and structure of complex and insoluble natural materials, including lignocelluloses and technical lignins Meier and Faix 1992;Gutierrez et al 1996;Rodriges et al 2001;Ohra-aho et al 2005;Ponomarenko et al 2015). The chemical composition of the precipitates was determined by Py-GC/MS, and the list of the compounds detected is presented in Table 3.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

COST Action FP1105: effect of raw materials and pulping conditions on the characteristics of dissolved kraft lignins

et al. 2016

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Abstract:The composition, molecular weight (MW), and chemical structure of technical lignins as byproducts of pulping influence their application in terms of physical and chemical properties, reactivity, and performance. It is important to know how the analytical data of technical lignins are influenced by the wood species and the parameters of pulping. The present study focuses on kraft pulping and how the wood species (eucalyptus, pine, and spruce) and variable cooking times influence the characteristics of dissolved lignins. The black liquor (BL) was recovered after three different cooking times and the precipitated lignin was characterized by total acid hydrolysis including the determination of the acid insoluble part (Klason lignin, KL) and the sugars in the hydrolysate, elemental analysis, 31 P NMR spectroscopy, analytical pyrolysis (Py-GC/MS), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), thermogravimetry (TG), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results indicate that the phenolic OH content, MW and glass transition temperature increased with longer cooking times for the softwood (SW) lignins. These lignins had also a higher MW (M w 5500-8000 g mol -1 ), than the eucalyptus lignin (M w 2200-2400 g mol -1 ). Eucalyptus lignin had higher sulfur content compared to SW.

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“…between [Ph + Ph(C1) + Ph(C2)]/Ph(C3) increased from 6.5 (BL) to 13.9 (BL-POM-3) and 8.2 (BL-POM/H 2 O 2 -5). Clearly, the degradation of lignin side chains is more pronounced in the system POM/O 2 (Ohra -aho et al 2005 ).…”

Section: Indicated Thatmentioning

confidence: 96%

Polyoxometalate (POM)-aided modification of lignin from wheat straw biorefinery

et al. 2013

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Abstract:The oxidative modification of Biolignin (BL) has been investigated to make it more suitable as an adsorbent for transition/heavy metals. BL is a by-product of a wheat straw organosolv process for the production of pulp, ethanol, and pentoses (CIMV S.A. pilot plant, Levallois Perret, France). It was subjected to oxidation by a polyoxometalate (POM) H 3 [PMo 12 O 40 ], aiming at the increment of oxygen-containing adsorption-active sites. The POM oxidation of BL was performed under moderate conditions (1 bar, 60 -90 ° C, and 200 ° C) with the co-oxidants O 2 or H 2 O 2 . The resulting lignin functionality and structure was evaluated by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, solid-state 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared, and chemical analysis. The condensation degree of BL and its COOH and aliphatic OH group contents increased significantly, whereas the polymer structure was maintained. Under optimal conditions with POM/H 2 O 2 , the sorption capacity of lignins toward Cd(II) and Pb(II) was increased threefold and twofold, respectively.

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Direct analysis of lignin and lignin-like components from softwood kraft pulp by Py-GC/MS techniques

Cited by 84 publications

References 18 publications

Analytical methodology for sulfonated lignins

Analytical methodology for sulfonated lignins

COST Action FP1105: effect of raw materials and pulping conditions on the characteristics of dissolved kraft lignins

Polyoxometalate (POM)-aided modification of lignin from wheat straw biorefinery

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