Direct and feeding‐induced interactions between two rice planthoppers, Sogatella furcifera and Nilaparvata lugens: effects on dispersal capability and performance

Abstract

Abstract. 1. A series of laboratory experiments was conducted to explore the effects of inter-specific interactions, both direct interactive effects and those induced through previous feeding, on the dispersal capability (proportion of macropterous adults) and performance (development time and survival) of two wing-dimorphic planthoppers, the whitebacked planthopper Sogatella furcifera and the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens, two pests of rice throughout Asia.2. An asymmetric effect of inter-specific crowding on dispersal capability was detected between the two planthoppers. With density controlled, the proportion of macropterous adults in N. lugens was higher when raised in mixed populations with S. furcifera than in pure cultures comprised of conspecifics, suggesting that interspecific effects on dispersal capability are stronger than intraspecific effects. In contrast, interspecific effects on macroptery (%) were weaker than intraspecific impacts for S. furcifera.3. This trend was parallelled by adverse competitive effects on survival, with interspecific effects stronger than intraspecific impacts for N. lugens and intraspecific effects stronger for S. furcifera.4. Crowding also affected the incidence of macroptery indirectly through feedinginduced changes in plant physiology. Rearing N. lugens on plants fed on previously by heterospecifics resulted in a higher incidence of macroptery in females and protracted development than for N. lugens raised on plants fed on previously by conspecifics. By contrast, the intraspecific effect of previous feeding was stronger than the interspecific effect in S. furcifera, with higher macropter production and prolonged development occurring on plants exposed previously to conspecifics.5. The results suggest that interspecific interactions between herbivorous insects, both direct and via feeding-induced changes in plant physiology, can have negative consequences for performance and survival and promote the production of flight-capable adults that can disperse.

Feeding behavior and spatial distribution of two planthoppers,Megamelusscutellaris(Delphacidae) andTaosalongula(Dictyopharidae), on water hyacinth

“…For example, the waxy hairs of T. longula nymphs may act to exclude the nymphs of M. scutellaris from feeding areas (Figure 4). Despite this, the insects do share some of the food resource, particularly the upper portion of the petiole as a substrate to oviposit (Sosa et al 2004(Sosa et al , 2005; Remes Lenicov and Hernández 2010); consequently exploitative competition and/or plant-mediated interaction seem to be expected (Kaplan and Denno 2007), as they were recorded on the rice planthoppers N. lugens and Sogatella furcifera (Matsumura and Suzuki 2003). Finally, there is no evidence of enemy-mediated interactions because they do not share oophagous parasitoids in their native range (Triapistyn, Sosa, and Hernández 2010;Triapitsyn and Hernández 2011).…”

Herbivore- and Elicitor-Induced Resistance in Rice to the Rice Water Weevil (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel) in the Laboratory and Field

“…While there is a growing body of literature pertaining to induced responses to insects in rice (Karban and Chen 2007), most of this research has involved piercing-sucking insect pests or indirect resistance (Xu et al 2002;Matsumura and Suzuki 2003;Zhou et al 2003;Lou et al 2005). Rice thus remains relatively under-utilized for the study of direct induced resistance to chewing insects.…”

“…What research that has been done has primarily focused on indirect induced resistance and/or induced responses to feeding by sucking insects (Bentur and Kalode 1996;Seino et al 1996;Matsumura and Suzuki 2003;Xu et al 2002Xu et al , 2003Kanno et al 2005;Lou et al 2005;Senthil-Nathan et al 2009). Recently, however, Stout et al (2009) demonstrated direct induced resistance in rice to a chewing insect, the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J.E.…”

The role of macropters during range expansion of a wing-dimorphic insect species

“…Denno et al 2001;Matsumura and Suzuki 2003;Poniatowski and Fartmann 2011c) between populations with different colonisation histories, we studied 43 populations of M. roeselii. Only populations with high abundances were chosen as these are more likely to produce macropters (Higaki and Ando 2003;Fartmann 2009, 2011b, c).…”

“…The clear association between macroptery and dispersal in M. roeselii (Simmons and Thomas 2004;Gardiner 2009;Hochkirch and Damerau 2009) allowed us to use the proportion of long-winged individuals as a reliable index of dispersal capability (cf. Denno et al 2001;Matsumura and Suzuki 2003;Poniatowski and Fartmann 2011c). M. roeselii is an ideal model organism for studying dispersal strategies because dispersing males are easy to detect, regardless of their wing morph, due to their noisy song (Hochkirch and Damerau 2009).…”