Direct and Indirect Effects of Self-efficacy on Depression: The Mediating Role of Dispositional Optimism

Pu, Juan; Hou, Hanpo; Ma, Ruiyang

doi:10.1007/s12144-016-9429-z

Cited by 35 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Mee found that self-efficacy mediated the relationship between smoking behavior and depression 59. Pu et al verified that dispositional optimism partially mediated the relationship between self-efficacy and depression 60. Razavi et al reported a negative relationship between self-efficacy (General Self-Efficacy Questionnaire) and research anxiety among master’s and PhD students at Islamic Azad University 61.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Prevalence and associated factors of depression and anxiety among doctoral students: the mediating effect of mentoring relationships on the association between research self-efficacy and depression/anxiety

Liu¹,

Wang²,

Qi³

et al. 2019

PRBM

102

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PurposeAlthough the mental health status of doctoral students deserves attention, few scholars have paid attention to factors related to their mental health problems. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of depression and anxiety in doctoral students and examine possible associated factors. We further aimed to assess whether mentoring relationships mediate the association between research self-efficacy and depression/anxiety.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 325 doctoral students in a medical university. The Patient Health Questionnaire 9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 scale were used to assess depression and anxiety. The Research Self-Efficacy Scale was used to measure perceived ability to fulfill various research-related activities. The Advisory Working Alliance Inventory-student version was used to assess mentoring relationships. Linear hierarchical regression analyses were performed to determine if any factors were significantly associated with depression and anxiety. Asymptotic and resampling methods were used to examine whether mentoring played a mediating role.ResultsApproximately 23.7% of participants showed signs of depression, and 20.0% showed signs of anxiety. Grade in school was associated with the degree of depression. The frequency of meeting with a mentor, difficulty in doctoral article publication, and difficulty in balancing work–family–doctoral program was associated with both the level of depression and anxiety. Moreover, research self-efficacy and mentoring relationships had negative relationships with levels of depression and anxiety. We also found that mentoring relationships mediated the correlation between research self-efficacy and depression/anxiety.ConclusionThe findings suggest that educational experts should pay close attention to the mental health of doctoral students. Active strategies and interventions that promote research self-efficacy and mentoring relationships might be beneficial in preventing or reducing depression and anxiety.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Prevalence and associated factors of depression and anxiety among doctoral students: the mediating effect of mentoring relationships on the association between research self-efficacy and depression/anxiety

Liu¹,

Wang²,

Qi³

et al. 2019

PRBM

102

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…23 Many research studies have shown that self-efficacy has a direct positive impact on depression. 24,25 With higher self-efficacy, depressive symptoms became lighter. Also, the mediating role of self-efficacy has been confirmed widely in various groups, including nurses 26 and medical students.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived Organizational Support Associated with Depressive Symptoms Among Petroleum Workers in China: A Cross-Sectional Study

Qiu

Tian

et al. 2020

PRBM

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The objective of this study was to explore the association between perceived organizational support (POS) and depressive symptoms, and to further explore whether selfefficacy can act as a moderator between POS and depressive symptoms among Chinese petroleum workers. Methods: There was a cross-sectional study conducted at a petrochemical enterprise in Liaoning Province, China, from July to August 2018. A series of questionnaires were accomplished by 1836 petroleum workers, including the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Survey of Perceived Organizational Support (SPOS), and the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES). Hierarchical regression analysis was used to examine the relationship of SPOS score, GSES score, and SPOS score×GSES score interaction with CES-D score. A simple slope analysis will be carried out if the interaction has statistical significance. Results: Hierarchical regression analysis showed that SPOS score (β=−0.538, P<0.01) and GSES score (β=−0.313, P<0.01) played a main influence on CES-D score. The SPOS score×GSES score interaction term significantly explained an extra 9.7% of the variance (F=253.932, adjusted R 2 =0.582, ΔR 2 =0.097, P<0.01). The interaction term was positively correlated with CES-D score (β=0.334, P<0.01). The relationship between SPOS score and CES-D score gradually decreased in the low (1 SD below the mean, β=−0.589, P<0.01), mean (β=−0.338, P<0.01), and high (1 SD above the mean, β=−0.087, P<0.01) groups of GSES score. Conclusion: This study showed that POS and self-efficacy played a main influence on depressive symptoms, and the interaction term was positively correlated with depressive symptoms. Self-efficacy could attenuate the association between POS and depressive symptoms. It suggests that appropriate POS and self-efficacy enhancement measures ought to be supplied to relieve depressive symptoms.

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“…The opposite is also true. A lack of choice challenges self‐efficacy beliefs, generating a perceived inability to bring about desired results, a state Seligman () describes as learned helplessness (Blackburn & Owens, ; Botti & McGill, ; Deci & Ryan, ; Devins & et al, 1982; Kwasky & Groh, ; Leotti et al, ; Maddux & Meier, ; Pu, Hou, & Ma, ; Ryan & Deci, ; Sacco et al, ; Schwarzer, 2014; Shnek et al, ). Therefore, prior experiences in applying environmental control can strengthen or weaken tendencies to exercise choice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The opposite is also true. A lack of choice challenges selfefficacy beliefs, generating doubt in one's ability to bring about desired results, a state of mind correlated with hopelessness and depression (Blackburn & Owens, 2015;Botti & McGill, 2006;Devins et al, 1982;Kwasky & Groh, 2014;Leotti et al, 2010;Maddux & Meier, 1995;Pu, Hou, & Ma, 2016;Sacco et al, 2005; Although analogous investigations of choice and control in nonhuman animals (NHAs) are comparatively sparse, existing data indicate that several NHA species also prefer to control their environment by exercising choice (Perdue, Clay, Gaalema, Maple, & Stoinski, 2012). Catania (1975) and Catania and Sagvolden (1980) found that when given the option between two keys, one that led to a free choice, the other to a forced choice, pigeons (Columba livia domestica) reliably chose the free-choice option even when food reward outcomes were equated.…”

Section: Origins Of Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preference for free or forced choice in Sumatran orangutans (Pongo abelii)

Ritvo

MacDonald

2020

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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Empirical investigations of humans, pigeons, rats, and monkeys have indicated that these species will select free over forced choice, even when faced with identical outcomes. However, the same has yet to be quantitatively confirmed in nonhuman great apes. This experiment is the first systematic investigation of preference for free or forced choice in great apes using a paradigm in which extraneous variables are highly controlled. Three orangutans were given a choice of one of two virtual routes, one that provided a choice and one that did not via a touchscreen computer program. Choice of either route was rewarded with the same type and quantity of food. Initial results indicated a preference for free choice across all three participants. However, in two control conditions, orangutans' preferences varied, suggesting a weaker tendency to exercise choice than species previously tested. We suggest further investigation of preference for free and forced choice in orangutans and other great apes through alternative experimental paradigms that focus on increasing the fidelity of free and forced choice options.

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Direct and Indirect Effects of Self-efficacy on Depression: The Mediating Role of Dispositional Optimism

Cited by 35 publications

References 44 publications

<p>Prevalence and associated factors of depression and anxiety among doctoral students: the mediating effect of mentoring relationships on the association between research self-efficacy and depression/anxiety</p>

<p>Prevalence and associated factors of depression and anxiety among doctoral students: the mediating effect of mentoring relationships on the association between research self-efficacy and depression/anxiety</p>

<p>Perceived Organizational Support Associated with Depressive Symptoms Among Petroleum Workers in China: A Cross-Sectional Study</p>

Preference for free or forced choice in Sumatran orangutans (Pongo abelii)

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