Direct and indirect effects of biological factors on extinction risk in fossil bivalves

Harnik, Paul G.

doi:10.1073/pnas.1100572108

Cited by 76 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…In addition, among 61 historical extirpations, large body size explained more than half (57%), followed by greater ecological specialization (28%) and small geographic range (7%) [11]. By contrast, in the marine invertebrate fossil record, geographic range size is the only biological characteristic consistently associated with elevated extinction risk [67][68][69]. The influence of other attributes, such as body size and feeding mode, varies according to extinction magnitude, duration, driver, and clade, and few attempts have been made to assess multiple correlates simultaneously [50,[68][69][70].…”

Section: Biological Correlates Of Extinctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By contrast, in the marine invertebrate fossil record, geographic range size is the only biological characteristic consistently associated with elevated extinction risk [67][68][69]. The influence of other attributes, such as body size and feeding mode, varies according to extinction magnitude, duration, driver, and clade, and few attempts have been made to assess multiple correlates simultaneously [50,[68][69][70]. Differences over time in the correlates of extinction risk might reflect the disproportionate current and historical impacts of exploitation relative to other threats, such as habitat loss, as well as differences between vertebrates and invertebrates, which are the focus of most paleontological analyses.…”

Section: Biological Correlates Of Extinctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Extinctions in ancient and modern seas

Harnik

Lotze

Anderson

et al. 2012

Trends in Ecology & Evolution

Self Cite

232

194

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Section: Biological Correlates Of Extinctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biological Correlates Of Extinctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extinctions in ancient and modern seas

Harnik

Lotze

Anderson

et al. 2012

Trends in Ecology & Evolution

Self Cite

232

194

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Work focused on the Quaternary and Late Neogene has demonstrated that beetles are quite resilient to extinction, owing to their ability to change their geographical distributions in response to climate change [59]. In fact, ecology, morphology and geographical range size [54,60,61] are thought to contribute to extinction risk and in fact, many of these traits may be phylogenetically constrained [62,63]. Focusing on extinction and what life-history characteristics make some beetles more likely to go extinct when compared with other groups of beetles may provide a greater understanding of why polyphagan beetles are so diverse.…”

Section: Penn P Ep Mp P Mp M Lpet T E E E Et T P Pe T T Mt T T T T T mentioning

confidence: 99%

The fossil record and macroevolutionary history of the beetles

Smith

Marcot

2015

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Coleoptera (beetles) is the most species-rich metazoan order, with approximately 380 000 species. To understand how they came to be such a diverse group, we compile a database of global fossil beetle occurrences to study their macroevolutionary history. Our database includes 5553 beetle occurrences from 221 fossil localities. Amber and lacustrine deposits preserve most of the beetle diversity and abundance. All four extant suborders are found in the fossil record, with 69% of all beetle families and 63% of extant beetle families preserved. Considerable focus has been placed on beetle diversification overall, however, for much of their evolutionary history it is the clade Polyphaga that is most responsible for their taxonomic richness. Polyphaga had an increase in diversification rate in the Early Cretaceous, but instead of being due to the radiation of the angiosperms, this was probably due to the first occurrences of beetle-bearing amber deposits in the record. Perhaps, most significant is that polyphagan beetles had a family-level extinction rate of zero for most of their evolutionary history, including across the Cretaceous-Palaeogene boundary. Therefore, focusing on the factors that have inhibited beetle extinction, as opposed to solely studying mechanisms that may promote speciation, should be examined as important determinants of their great diversity today.

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“…Thus, existing studies do not readily allow direct comparisons of past losses of EH with those predicted for anthropogenic extinctions. Although temporal durations of species in the fossil record are more difficult to estimate reliably than those of higher taxa (23), a number of paleontological studies have used fossil species successfully to test important evolutionary and biogeographic hypotheses (21,(51)(52)(53)(54)(55)(56) as well as various aspects of the extinction process (57)(58)(59). With the increasing availability of large, taxonomically standardized paleontological databases, analyses of age selectivity of extinctions at the species level, such as the one undertaken here, are now feasible, especially on regional scales.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fossils, phylogenies, and the challenge of preserving evolutionary history in the face of anthropogenic extinctions

Huang

Goldberg

Roy

2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Anthropogenic impacts are endangering many long-lived species and lineages, possibly leading to a disproportionate loss of existing evolutionary history (EH) in the future. However, surprisingly little is known about the loss of EH during major extinctions in the geological past, and thus we do not know whether human impacts are pruning the tree of life in a manner that is unique in the history of life. A major impediment to comparing the loss of EH during past and current extinctions is the conceptual difference in how ages are estimated from paleontological data versus molecular phylogenies. In the former case the age of a taxon is its entire stratigraphic range, regardless of how many daughter taxa it may have produced; for the latter it is the time to the most recent common ancestor shared with another extant taxon. To explore this issue, we use simulations to understand how the loss of EH is manifested in the two data types. We also present empirical analyses of the marine bivalve clade Pectinidae (scallops) during a major Plio-Pleistocene extinction in California that involved a preferential loss of younger species. Overall, our results show that the conceptual difference in how ages are estimated from the stratigraphic record versus molecular phylogenies does not preclude comparisons of age selectivities of past and present extinctions. Such comparisons not only provide fundamental insights into the nature of the extinction process but should also help improve evolutionarily informed models of conservation prioritization.extinction | phylogenetic diversity | phylogeny | fossil record | bivalves E xtinction of any species or higher taxon invariably results in some loss of existing evolutionary history (EH), but a major concern about extinctions driven by anthropogenic impacts is that they may remove a disproportionately large amount of such history (1-3). In groups as varied as birds, mammals, and plants, studies have shown that extinctions of species currently on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species would lead to a much larger loss of EH than expected under randomly distributed extinction of the same number of species (4-6). This disproportionate loss of EH stems from phylogenetic clustering of anthropogenic extinctions (1) with a bias toward the loss of species-poor and geologically old taxa (7-9). Such predictions, along with the realization that not all species currently threatened by human activities can be saved, have motivated the development of various strategies for minimizing the loss of EH (8, 10, 11). These approaches primarily target lineages that are old but species poor in an attempt to protect large amounts of EH and, presumably, also unique traits and functions that may affect future evolutionary potential (10,12).Although the disproportionate loss of EH caused by anthropogenic extinctions is increasingly evident, surprisingly little is known about the loss of EH during extinctions in the geological past. The rich archive of extinctions pres...

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Direct and indirect effects of biological factors on extinction risk in fossil bivalves

Cited by 76 publications

References 55 publications

Extinctions in ancient and modern seas

Extinctions in ancient and modern seas

The fossil record and macroevolutionary history of the beetles

Fossils, phylogenies, and the challenge of preserving evolutionary history in the face of anthropogenic extinctions

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