Direct and indirect effects of RNA interference against pyridoxal kinase and pyridoxine 5′-phosphate oxidase genes in Bombyx mori

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

Chen

et al. 2020

Graphene consists of two-dimensional sp2-bonded carbon sheets, a single or a few layers thick, which has attracted considerable interest in recent years due to its good conductivity and biocompatibility. Three-dimensional graphene foam (3DG) has been demonstrated to be a robust scaffold for culturing neural stem cells (NSCs) in vitro that not only supports NSCs growth, but also maintains cells in a more active proliferative state than 2D graphene films and ordinary glass. In addition, 3DG can enhance NSCs differentiation into astrocytes and especially neurons. However, the underlying mechanisms behind 3DG's effects are still poorly understood. Metabolism is the fundamental characteristic of life and provides substances for building and powering the cell. Metabolic activity is tightly tied with the proliferation, differentiation, and self-renewal of stem cells. This study focused on the metabolic reconfiguration of stem cells induced by culturing on 3DG. This study established the correlation between metabolic reconfiguration metabolomics with NSCs cell proliferation rate on different scaffold. Several metabolic processes have been uncovered in association with the proliferation change of NSCs. Especially, culturing on 3DG triggered pathways that increased amino acid incorporation and enhanced glucose metabolism. These data suggested a potential association between graphene and pathways involved in Parkinson's disease. Our work provides a very useful starting point for further studies of NSC fate determination on 3DG.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Graphene Enhances Neural Stem Cell Proliferation Through Metabolic Regulation

Fang

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

Chen

et al. 2020

“…Three interference fragments were designed for the gene. Lyophilized siRNA was reconstituted with DEPC water to make 1 μg/μl solution for body cavity injection (Huang et al, 2016). Table 1 shows the double‐stranded siRNA sequences.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are also studies using RNAi combined with exercise tests to explore the role of silkworm serotonin receptor 4 in exercise activities (Wang & Wu, 2020). And effects of RNA interference against pyridoxal kinase (PLK) and pyridoxine 5′-phosphate oxidase (PNPO) genes in B. mori showed that the gene expression of PLK and PNPO had a greater impact on the gene transcription of enzymes using PLP as a cofactor in B. mori (Huang et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen sulfide treatment retrieves the inhibition of growth and development characteristics in silkworm (Bombyx mori) via phosphoacetyl glucosamine mutase gene knock down

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

Cao

et al. 2022

Phosphoacetyl glucosamine mutase (PGM) is the key gene for glycolysis of important metabolic pathways in silkworm, and H2S (7.5 μM) can promote the growth and development of silkworm. Herein, we used body cavity injection of small‐interfering RNA (siRNA) to interfere with the PGM gene in H2S‐treated silkworms. After RNA interference (RNAi), we investigated the growth and development of the silkworm. H2S treatment could significantly recover the inhibition of body weight, cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, and cocoon shell ratio by knocking down PGM gene in silkworm, without significant effects on eggs laying and production, and then analyzed the mRNA expression of PGM gene. The interference of siRNA significantly decreased the expression of targeted PGM gene and was concentrated in 48 h followed by gradual recovery. Three interference fragments also showed different interference effects, and siRNA of PGM‐3 exerted the highest interference effect to the target gene expression. Fat body had the highest mRNA expression of PGM gene, and the best interference effect was observed after siRNA injection. The results showed that the gene based on H2S treatment may have an important impact on the growth and development of silkworm by affecting its metabolic pathway.

“…RNAi experiment was performed by following previous protocol [38]. In short, siRNA sequences were obtained from two different regions of the Bmserpin2 gene using an online tool ().…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bmserpin2 Is Involved in BmNPV Infection by Suppressing Melanization in Bombyx mori

Toufeeq

Wang

et al. 2019

Insects

Melanization, an important defense response, plays a vital role in arthropod immunity. It is mediated by serine proteases (SPs) that convert the inactive prophenoloxidase (PPO) to active phenoloxidase (PO) and is tightly regulated by serine protease inhibitors (serpins) which belong to a well distributed superfamily in invertebrates, participating in immune mechanisms and other important physiological processes. Here, we investigated the Bmserpin2 gene which was identified from a transcriptome database in response to Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) infection. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) results showed that Bmserpin2 was expressed in all tissues, with maximum expression in fat body. Upon BmNPV infection, the expression of Bmserpin2 was up-regulated in P50 (susceptible strain) and BC9 (resistant strain) in haemocytes, fat body and the midgut. However, up-regulation was delayed in BC9 (48 or 72 h), in contrast to P50 (24 h), after BmNPV infection. Meanwhile, Bmserpin2 could delay or inhibit melanization in silkworm haemolymph. Significant increased PO activity can be observed in Bmserpin2-depleted haemolymph under NPV infection. Furthermore, the viral genomic DNA copy number was decreased in Bmserpin2-depleted haemolymph. We conclude that Bmserpin2 is an inducible gene which might be involved in the regulation of PPO activation and suppressed melanization, and have a potential role in the innate immune system of B. mori.