Direct and indirect energy use and carbon emissions in the production phase of buildings: An input–output analysis

Nässén, Jonas; Holmberg, John; Wadeskog, Anders; Nyman, Madeleine

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2007.01.002

Cited by 312 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…But in the case of low energy consumption buildings, the statements above are no longer valid : the fabrication of building elements may contribute to around 30% or even more in the total life cycle energy balance [42,43]. The emissions from heating of buildings is important but the emissions of CO 2 from heating is lower than from other parts of the building sector, indicating the importance of emissions from for example production of building materials [44].…”

Section: Gj-eqmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of LCA as a Tool for Building Ecodesign. A Case Study of a Low Energy Building in Spain

et al. 2013

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This paper demonstrates how to achieve energy savings in the construction and operation of buildings by promoting the use of life cycle assessment techniques in the design for new buildings and for refurbishment. The paper aims to draw on the application of a specific methodology for low energy consumption, integrated planning, environmental performance evaluation of buildings, and design for sustainability and LCA techniques applied to buildings. The ENergy Saving through promotion of LIfe Cycle assessment in buildings (ENSLIC) methodology based on LCA for use in an integral planning process has been promoted to stakeholders who require a means to optimize the environmental performance of buildings. Feedback from the stakeholders has facilitated the creation of simplified LCA guidelines, a systematic approach guiding the user through the alternative options regarding software choices, their strengths and weaknesses, the databases available, the usefulness of different indicators, aggregation, definition of limits and options for simplifying the process. As a result, this paper presents the applied results of a case study where this methodology is implemented serving as an energy savings evaluation tool for decision makers, end-users, professionals involved in the different stages of construction, etc. Finally, it is demonstrated how LCA can facilitate comparisons between different buildings, showing the influence of all variables on a building's life cycle environmental impact and showing the potential for energy savings. Removing market barriers to sustainable construction is actually stricter and this is good news for promoting higher energy efficiency in buildings.

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Section: Gj-eqmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of LCA as a Tool for Building Ecodesign. A Case Study of a Low Energy Building in Spain

et al. 2013

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“…Transportation emissions (including materials and workforce) were 18% of the total emissions, implying that at 82%, the manufacture of materials contributed the most emissions. This was not surprising since materials are known to constitute the biggest proportion of buildings' 'embodied' emissions (Chang, Ries, & Lei, 2012, p.794;Nässén, Holmberg, Wadeskog, & Nyman, 2007, p.1599Scheuer, Keoleian, & Reppe, 2003, p.1057. For the alternative option, the total emissions were 1834 kgCO 2 , which translated into 8 kgCO 2 /m 2 of wall.…”

Section: Integration Of Cdm Into the To-be Dapmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating clean development mechanism into the development approval process of buildings: A case of urban housing in Uganda

Kibwami

Tutesigensi

2016

Habitat International

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Since climate change is no respecter of geographical boundaries, concerted mitigating actions such as clean development mechanism (CDM), are desirable. In CDM, developed countries can earn certified emission reduction credits from emission reduction projects undertaken in developing countries. Recent research suggests that, theoretically, CDM can be extended to the building sector. However, there is limited research on how CDM can be integrated in the development approval process (DAP) of buildings. This paper presents an investigation on how CDM could be integrated into the DAP of buildings in urban Uganda. A method of process modelling was used to describe the existing DAP, and also to design a new DAP. To demonstrate how CDM could be integrated into the new DAP, a typical dwelling unit was used. Two options for the dwelling were considered: a baseline (i.e. constructed using typical materials, plant, and workforce) and alternative (i.e. constructed using provisions to reduce carbon emissions). The difference in emissions in the two options constituted the basis for a CDM. Results suggested that the existing DAP does not consider carbon accounting and thus was not congruent with CDM modalities. A new DAP which is compatible with CDM was proposed. When the CDM concept was integrated into the new DAP, a bottom-up projection regarding construction of 28,000 houses annually within the capital city showed that reductions of over 200 ktCO 2 could be achieved in a period of 10 years. These figures were comparable with prevailing CDM initiatives. The structure of a CDM programme aided by the new DAP was presented and discussed. This study shows that integrating CDM into the DAP of buildings in Uganda is possible if assessment of carbon emissions is incorporated in the existing DAP. The overall findings suggest that CDM could promote market-based mechanisms of enhancing sustainable construction in developing countries. Highlights: The study investigates integration of clean development mechanism into the development approval process for buildings in Uganda.  A new development approval processes which considers assessment of carbon emissions associated with building projects is proposed.  Within Kampala, the capital city of Uganda, integrating clean development mechanism into the proposed development approval process can lead to emission reduction of over 200 ktCO 2 in a period of 10 years.  It is possible to devise market-based mechanisms of enhancing sustainable construction in the urban sectors of developing countries.

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“…see [190][191][192][193][194][195]) and to analyze energy-economy-environment (e3) interactions (e.g. see [196][197][198]). As referred to by Faucheaux and Levarlet [199], the e3 models are well suited to address the complex interactions between the process of energy production and consumption, the economy and the environment.…”

Section: Input-output Multi-objective Models To Assess Economic-energmentioning

confidence: 99%

The challenging paradigm of interrelated energy systems towards a more sustainable future

Soares

Martins

Carvalho³

et al. 2018

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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This paper brings together several contemporary topics in energy systems aiming to provide a literature review based reflection on how several interrelated energy systems can contribute together to a more sustainable world. Some directions are discussed, such as the improvement of the energy efficiency and environmental performance of the systems, the development of new technologies, the increase of the use of renewable energy sources, the promotion of holistic and multidisciplinary studies, and the implementation of new management rules and "eco-friendly and sustainable" oriented policies at different scales. The interrelations of the diverse energy systems are also discussed in order to address their main social-economic-environmental impacts. The subjects covered include the assessment of the electricity market and its main players (demand, supply, distribution), the evaluation of some urban systems (buildings, transportation, commuting), the analysis of the implementation of renewable energy cooperatives, the discussion of the diffusion of the electric vehicle and the importance of new bioenergy systems. This paper also presents relevant research carried out in the framework of both the Energy for Sustainability Initiative of the University of Coimbra and the Sustainable Energy Systems focus area of the MIT-Portugal Program. To conclude, several research topics that should be addressed in the near future are proposed.

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Direct and indirect energy use and carbon emissions in the production phase of buildings: An input–output analysis

Cited by 312 publications

References 11 publications

Use of LCA as a Tool for Building Ecodesign. A Case Study of a Low Energy Building in Spain

Use of LCA as a Tool for Building Ecodesign. A Case Study of a Low Energy Building in Spain

Integrating clean development mechanism into the development approval process of buildings: A case of urban housing in Uganda

The challenging paradigm of interrelated energy systems towards a more sustainable future

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