Direct and Indirect Estimates of Peregrine Falcon Population Size in Northern Eurasia

Quinn, John L.; Kokorev, Yakov I.

doi:10.1093/auk/117.2.455

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Deleterious Australia Olsen et al (1982) Decline Russia Quinn and Kokorev (2000) Gyrfalcon LC Exposed Norway Gjershaug, Kålås, Nygård, Herzke, and Folkestad (2008) Exposed Canada Poole and Bromley (1988) Exposed Iceland Ólafsdóttir, Petersen, Thordardottir, and Johannesson (1995) Exposed Europe Koskimies (2005) Black Falcon LC Exposed Australia Olsen et al (1993) Eurasian Merlin LC Thinning Norway Gjershaug et al (2008) Thinning Britain Newton and Haas (1988) Decline Britain Bibby and Nattrass (1986) Exposure Iran Behrooz et al (2009) American Merlin LC Exposure USA Becker and Sieg (1987) Deleterious Canada Fox and Donald (1980) Exposure-detection in or strong evidence for the bioaccumulation of pesticides.…”

Section: Iucn Organochloride Effect Region(s) Citation(s)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Falcon genomics in the context of conservation, speciation, and human culture

Wilcox

Boissinot

Idaghdour

2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Here, we review the diversity, evolutionary history, and genomics of falcons in the context of their conservation and interactions with humans, and provide a perspective on how new genomic approaches may be applied to expand our knowledge of these topics. For millennia, humans and falcons (genus Falco) have developed unique relationships through falconry, religious rituals, conservation efforts, and human lifestyle transitions. From an evolutionary perspective, falcons remain an enigma. Having experienced several recent radiations, they have reached an unparalleled and almost global distribution, with an intrageneric species richness that is roughly an order of magnitude higher than typical within their family (Falconidae) and across other birds (Phylum: Aves). This diversity has evolved in the context of unusual genomic architecture that includes unique chromosomal rearrangements, relatively low chromosome counts, extremely low microdeletion rates, and high levels of nuclear mitochondrial DNA segments (NUMTs). These genomic peculiarities combine with high levels of ecological and organismal diversity and a legacy of human interactions to make falcons obvious candidates for evolutionary studies, providing unique research opportunities in common topics, including chromosomal evolution, the mechanics of speciation, local adaptation, domestication, and urban adaptation.

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Section: Iucn Organochloride Effect Region(s) Citation(s)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Falcon genomics in the context of conservation, speciation, and human culture

Wilcox

Boissinot

Idaghdour

2019

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Similarly, several studies in different areas suggest that as much as 80% of the entire Red‐breasted Goose population associates with birds of prey (Dementiev & Gladkov 1952, Kretschmar & Leonovich 1967, Quinn & Kokorev 2002). Even though most of the Red‐breasted Goose's range has never been surveyed, the claim of an obligate association is backed up by the finding that trends in their numbers mirror the pesticide‐induced decline and eventual recovery of their main protective associate, the Peregrine Falcon, although trends for both species were based on limited data (Quinn & Kokorev 2000). Only a few studies on Hymenopteran–bird associations have been described in this paper but several older papers list countless records involving many different bird species (see papers cited in Moreau 1942, Durango 1949, Smith 1980) and it seems that it is here in the tropics that new obligatory nesting associations are most likely to be found.…”

Section: Population Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective nesting associations in birds

Quinn

Ueta

2008

Ibis

126

113

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Exploiting the nest defence behaviour of another relatively aggressive species is one of the most unusual amongst a great diversity of strategies used by animals to evade predation. Here we review 62 studies that have looked at protective nesting associations in which at least one species is a bird. Most ‘protected’ associates are found in the Anseriformes, the Charadriiformes and the Passeriformes, while most ‘protective’ associates come from the Charadriiformes and the Falconiformes. Protected associates primarily benefit from a reduced predation rate when nesting near protective species although a variety of other, often unusual benefits have been described, including early warning of predators, lower parasitism, lower brood‐parasitism, nest stability and higher mating success. Protected associates sometimes also pay costs when they or their young are killed by their aggressive associate, or when they are forced to abandon their nest. Two studies demonstrate that protected species manipulate the trade‐off between the costs and benefits of nesting near an aggressive associate, while only a handful of studies have found specific adaptations to help avoid costs. In contrast, there is little evidence to suggest that the protective associates pay costs or gain benefits. This is probably because few researchers set out to test this hypothesis specifically, but we tentatively conclude that the majority of nesting associations are commensal in nature, and that only a few are parasitic or mutualistic. Many studies show that nesting associations occur by active choice and not because the associate species choose similar habitat, but only one study does so experimentally. In two cases the nesting association is obligatory for one of the species but there was also evidence for significant local adaptation to nesting near protective species, sometimes across a broad geographical range. Finally, we identify potential pathways that may have led to the evolution of nesting associations, discuss some possible implications for the populations involved and argue that nesting associations provide many novel research opportunities.

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“…Earlier studies of bird communities have shown that densities of suitable-sized prey are lower near the breeding sites of raptors, but neither too large or small prey do not show such density responses or are more numerous near raptor nests than further away (Hunter et al 1989, Suhonen et al 1994, Norrdahl & Korpimäki 1998, Forsman et al 2001, Mönkkönen et al 2007. By killing nest robbing mesopredators, mainly Hooded Crows, Peregrines provide protection for species that are not important as their prey (Paine et al 1990, Norrdahl et al 1995, Quinn & Ueta 2008, Sergio et al 2008. Our data provide only partial support for the protection hypothesis, which states that preferred prey species should avoid the predator, in that preferred duck species avoided Peregrines (Quinn & Ueta 2008).…”

Section: Species Protection By Peregrinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) may affect local demographic trends of wetland bird prey species

Tornberg,

Korpimäki,

Rauhala

et al. 2016

Ornis Fenn

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The demographic value of existing habitat can be affected by changes in predator populations. In Finland, wader populations increased when the Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) declined, due to poisoning by agricultural chemicals during the 1960–1970. Following regulation ofDDTusage, nesting Peregrinenumbers have increasedmore than tenfold, while wader populations concurrently declined. The “protection” hypothesis states that although top predators may negatively affect populations of primary prey species, they may benefit other species populations by suppressing activities of mesopredators, such as egg and chick predation.We studied diet preferences of Peregrine Falcons in south-west Finnish Lapland during a period of falcon population growth, based on indices of species consumption versus availability. Preferred and optimal sized prey species, excluding ducks, were equally abundant on bogs with and without Peregrines, and neither did the abundance of non-preferred or non-optimal sized birds differ between bogs with and without Peregrines. Thus, the protection hypothesis was supported for ducks. We found that preferred prey species significantly declined in numbers over time, while populations of non-preferred and non-optimal sized prey species declined less or remained stable, as expected if Peregrines would have direct negative effects on prey species. However, local effects were apparent when comparing local versus national trends of suitable and less suitable sized prey for the Peregrines.While the raptors’ role in the population declines of wetland speciesmust have increased after their recovery in the 1970s, this effect might be difficult to separate from other concurrent effects of habitat loss.

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Direct and Indirect Estimates of Peregrine Falcon Population Size in Northern Eurasia

Cited by 5 publications

References 2 publications

Falcon genomics in the context of conservation, speciation, and human culture

Falcon genomics in the context of conservation, speciation, and human culture

Protective nesting associations in birds

Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) may affect local demographic trends of wetland bird prey species

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