Direct and indirect methods for the quantification of leg volume: comparison between water displacement volumetry, the disk model method and the frustum sign model method, using the correlation coefficient and the limits of agreement

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Circumferential suction-assisted lipectomy for lymphoedema after surgery for breast cancer

“…Water displacement devices are the ‘gold standard’ and have been studied intensively for leg lymphoedema18–21. The decrease in water was assessed after displacement, a method that has been validated for arm swelling and measures the volume of the arm including the hand22.…”

Validation of the inverse water volumetry method: a new gold standard for arm volume measurements

“…Many studies that indirect volume measurements methods are not interchangeable with water a displacement method. The gold standard for the measurement of limb swelling is the water displacement method [24][25][26][27].…”

Gravitational Syndrome and Tensile Properties of Skin in the Elderly

“…Measurements of the severity of edema and of its functional consequences might improve the prevention and management of venous leg ulcers. Some reliable methods are presently available to quantify leg edema [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]. Among them, several studies concurred to suggest that the evaluation of the biomechanical properties of skin might provide sound information in this field [7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14].…”