Direct and indirect neurological, cognitive, and behavioral effects of COVID-19 on the healthy elderly, mild-cognitive-impairment, and Alzheimer’s disease populations

Iodice, Francesco; Cassano, Valeria; Rossini, Paolo Maria

doi:10.1007/s10072-020-04902-8

Cited by 70 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Therefore, conclusions drawn from this review should be interpreted with caution and follow-up systematic reviews with higher quality data are warranted. It is worth noting that evidence provided in this review are in accordance with more recent findings being published on an ongoing basis (e.g., [ 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 ]). Despite these limitations, the current systematic review allowed to highlight the extent of the effects of the pandemic, and the results established should be taken into consideration by healthcare practitioners, institutions, and policymakers to ensure that proper measures are employed to protect this population from additional harm.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Systematic Review on the Mental Health and Treatment Impacts of COVID-19 on Neurocognitive Disorders

Dellazizzo

Léveillé

Landry

et al. 2021

JPM

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Objectives. The COVID-19 pandemic has had many public health impacts, especially on vulnerable individuals including adults with neurocognitive disorders (NCD). With increasing literature, this systematic literature review aimed to address the mental health effects of COVID-19 on people with NCD in addition to examine the impact of the pandemic on treatments/resources for NCD. Methods. A literature search was conducted in the electronic databases of PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Studies were included so long as they assessed the mental health or therapeutic effects of COVID-19 on NCD. Results. Among the retrieved articles, 59 met eligibility criteria. First, the pandemic and resulting self-isolation led to many detrimental effects on psychological well-being. Exacerbation and relapses of neurocognitive and behavioral symptoms were observed, as well as emergences of new psychological symptoms (i.e., depression, anxiety). Second, therapeutic and community services for individuals suffering from NCD, such as social support services and outpatient clinics, were disrupted or reduced leading to postponed appointments and evaluations, as well as reduced access to medications. These issues were somewhat palliated with the growth of telemedicine. Conclusion. This systematic review highlights the extent of the effects of the pandemic, and the topics addressed should be taken into consideration by healthcare practitioners, institutions, and policymakers to ensure that proper measures are employed to protect this population from additional harm.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Systematic Review on the Mental Health and Treatment Impacts of COVID-19 on Neurocognitive Disorders

Dellazizzo

Léveillé

Landry

et al. 2021

JPM

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“…For example, cerebral hypoxia and hypoperfusion due to respiratory dysfunction may cause neuronal damage [ 12 , 13 ]. COVID-19 may also exacerbate existing neurological disorders due to reallocation of resources and limited access to healthcare [ 14 – 16 ]. Intensive care unit (ICU) admission has been associated with long-term neurological effects and, given the high rates of ICU admission for SARS-CoV-2 [ 17 ], may also be a contributing cause.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurological sequelae of COVID-19: a review

Peterson

Sarangi

Bangash

2021

Egypt J Neurol Psychiatry Neurosurg

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Background The COVID-19 pandemic has produced a myriad of challenges, including identifying and treating neurological sequelae. Main body COVID-19 can cause olfactory and respiratory dysfunction with average recovery within 1 month and a minority of patients experiencing symptoms at 8-month follow-up. Headaches are also very common (up to 93%) amongst patients with persistent COVID-19 symptoms. COVID-19 illness may also affect cognition, although results are mixed. Conclusion While many studies have focused on acute COVID-19 symptoms, more longitudinal studies will need to assess the neurological sequelae of the disease. Furthermore, care must be taken when attributing sequelae to COVID-19 illness and not an unrelated cause. Finally, there is concern that COVID-19 may be associated with secondary illnesses, such as Guillain–Barre, and may even contribute to the development of diseases, such as Alzheimer’s.

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“…The incidence of neurodegenerative disorders and other age-related diseases has dramatically increased during the last few decades due to of the increased size of the aging population [1,2]. The widespread global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with multiorgan damage, including the central nervous system (CNS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the cytokine storm associated with COVID-19 is to blame for the inflammatory reactions and tissue damage that accompany COVID-19 infection [8][9][10]. Although presence of the virus causing COVID-19 in neurons does not cause neurodegeneration [1], evidence supports cytokine involvement in COVID-19-related neuropsychiatric disorders [1,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neuroinflammation, which embraces increased levels of cytokines in the CNS, is a physiological response of brain cells to aging and pathological conditions, e.g., disease genes, injury, or infection [2,11]. Cytokines induce blood-brain barrier disintegration allowing increased passage of cytokines from circulation into the brain, which exaggerates central inflammation [1,2]. Excessive and uncontrolled neuroinflammation induces mitochondrial impairment and cellular stress, which contribute to protein misfolding and aggregation, neuronal damage, and the development of neurodegenerative disorders [1,[12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Royal Jelly Acid, 10-Hydroxy-trans-2-decenoic Acid, on Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress in Astrocytes Stimulated with Lipopolysaccharide and Hydrogen Peroxide

Ali

2021

Immuno

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The increased prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases, especially during the COVID-19 outbreak, necessitates the search for natural immune- and cognitive-enhancing agents. 10-Hydroxy-trans-2-decenoic acid (10-H2DA), the main fatty acid of royal jelly, has several pharmacological activities. Given the fundamental role of astrocytes in regulating immune responses of the central nervous system, we used cortical astrocytes to examine the effect of 10-H2DA on the expression of genes associated with neuroinflammation and the production of neurotrophins, as well as cellular resistance to H2O2-induced cytotoxicity. Astrocytes, pretreated with a range of concentrations of 10-H2DA for 24 h, were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 3 h, after which the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)) and neurotrophic factors (BDNF, GDNF, and IGF-1) was evaluated. In the absence of LPS, 10-H2DA had no significant effect on the mRNA expression of neurotrophins or cytokines except for IL-1β, which significantly increased with low doses of 10-H2DA (3 µM). 10-H2DA (10 µM) pretreatment of LPS-stimulated cells did not significantly inhibit the expression of cytokine encoding genes; however, it significantly lowered the mRNA expression of GDNF and tended to decrease BDNF and IGF-1 expression compared with LPS alone. Additionally, 10-H2DA did not protect astrocytes against H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Our data indicate no anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, or neurotrophic effect of 10-H2DA in astrocytes undergoing inflammation or oxidative stress. The effect of IGF-1 inhibition by 10-H2DA on neuronal ketogenesis needs investigation.

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Direct and indirect neurological, cognitive, and behavioral effects of COVID-19 on the healthy elderly, mild-cognitive-impairment, and Alzheimer’s disease populations

Cited by 70 publications

References 51 publications

Systematic Review on the Mental Health and Treatment Impacts of COVID-19 on Neurocognitive Disorders

Systematic Review on the Mental Health and Treatment Impacts of COVID-19 on Neurocognitive Disorders

Neurological sequelae of COVID-19: a review

The Effects of Royal Jelly Acid, 10-Hydroxy-trans-2-decenoic Acid, on Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress in Astrocytes Stimulated with Lipopolysaccharide and Hydrogen Peroxide

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