Direct and indirect predictors of social anxiety: The role of anxiety sensitivity, behavioral inhibition, experiential avoidance and self-consciousness

Panayiotou, Georgia; Karekla, Maria; Panayiotou, Margarita

doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.08.045

Cited by 49 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…These with a number of other studies taken together suggest that AS plays a unique role in at least predicting severity of SA symptoms (e.g. Panayiotou, Karekla, & Panayiotou, 2014;Olthius, Watt, & Stewart, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Moderators of Change in Social Anxiety during CBT in a Transdiagnostic, Naturalistic Treatment-Seeking Sample

Asnaani

Kaczkurkin

Tannahill

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Psychopathology

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Background: There are a number of hypothesized underlying factors that, while present across a range of anxiety and fear-based disorders, are proposed to be specifically influential in the maintenance of social anxiety (SA) symptoms. Aims: This study examined the influence of specific constructs (i.e., anxiety sensitivity, ruminative thinking, and depressive symptoms) on reduction of SA symptoms during a course of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). To better model potential causal relationships between observed moderators and social anxiety, time-lagged analyses between SA and significant moderators were also explored. Methods: Participants (N = 107) were patients seeking treatment in a fee-for-service clinic specializing in CBT for anxiety disorders, OCD and PTSD. Participants were repeatedly assessed for a variety of symptoms and potential moderators throughout treatment. Results: Even though anxiety sensitivity regarding social concerns, rumination, reflection, and depression showed significant withinand between-person relationships with SA symptoms, only rumination was found to uniquely moderate change in SA symptoms over the course of treatment. Specifically, those with higher average levels of ruminative thinking tended to improve greater on SA symptoms than those with lower levels throughout treatment. Further, this observed moderation effect was not found to significantly influence OCD, generalized anxiety, or PTSD symptoms. Finally, a bi-directional relationship was found between rumination and SA with rumination predicting subsequent changes in SA and vice versa. Conclusions: High levels of ruminative thinking do not appear to be an impediment to improvement in SA symptoms in a naturalistic, treatment-seeking sample of individuals with anxiety disorders.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Moderators of Change in Social Anxiety during CBT in a Transdiagnostic, Naturalistic Treatment-Seeking Sample

Asnaani

Kaczkurkin

Tannahill

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Psychopathology

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“…This confirms that EA may be a fundamental process in etiology and perpetuating anxiety disorders. Kashdan et al, (7) and Panayiotou et al, (8) showed a relationship between social anxiety and experiential avoidance. However, the current study used different samples and tools.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the negative affections associated with these concerns are not accepted in a way they are and even are avoided, the problem rises (3). Several researches indicated the association between EA and anxiety disorders (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9). To the best of authors' knowledge, there are no researches covering the association between EA and anxiety in students' social interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Between Experiential Avoidance and Cognitive Fusion to Social Interaction Anxiety in Students

2018

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Background: The current study aimed at assessing the relationship between experiential avoidance (EA) and cognitive fusion to the level of anxiety in students experiencing such problems in their social interactions. Methods: The sample consisted of 324 college students who were randomly selected by cluster sampling method. They completed acceptance and action questionnaire (AAQ-II), social anxiety-acceptance and action questionnaire (SA-AAQ), cognitive fusion questionnaire (CFQ), believability of anxious feelings and thoughts questionnaire (BAFT), and social interaction anxiety scale (SIAS). Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Results:The results showed a positive correlation between EA (r = 0.45; P < 0.001) and social anxiety-acceptance and action (r = -0.50; P < 0.001) and anxiety in social interactions. A significant positive correlation was also found between CFQ (r = 0.48; P < 0.001) and BAFT (r = 0.26; P < 0.001) and social interaction anxiety. Overall EA (β = 0.45) and acceptance (β = -0.37) and action (β = -0.12) components of SA-AAQ scores were predictor for overall anxiety score in social interactions (P < 0.001) In addition, overall cognitive fusion score (β = 0.48; P < 0.001), and somatic concerns (β = 0.16; P < 0.01), negative evaluation (β = 0.32; P < 0.003) and emotion regulation (β = -0.21; P < 0.001) components of BAFT could predict anxiety in social interactions. Conclusions:The results of the current study showed a correlation between EA and cognitive fusion and students anxiety in social interactions.

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“…Our findings revealed fewer emotional facial expressions in participants with high experiential avoidance than in those with low experiential avoidance during autobiographical retrieval. Experiential avoidance, or attempts to control or suppress unwanted feelings and emotions (Hayes et al, 1996;Purdon, 1999), has found to be related with social withdrawal and depression (Buckner et al, 2014;Kashdan, Breen, Afram, & Terhar, 2010;Mahaffey, Wheaton, Fabricant, Berman, & Abramowitz, 2013;Panayiotou, Karekla, & Panayiotou, 2014). More specifically, experiential avoidance acts as a barrier to pursuing and enjoying meaningful social interactions (Kashdan et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The face of memory: experiential avoidance and facial expressions during the retrieval of autobiographical memories

Nandrino

Gandolphe

Saloppé

et al. 2019

Journal of Cognitive Psychology

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Experiential avoidance refers to attempts to control or suppress unwanted thoughts, feelings and emotions. We investigated whether experiential avoidance is associated with fewer facial expressions during autobiographical retrieval (i.e., retrieval of memory for personal information). We invited participants to retrieve autobiographical memories, and recall was analyzed by a facial analysis software that detects and classifies emotional expressions. Participants were divided into high vs. low experiential avoidance. Analysis showed fewer emotional facial expressions in participants with high experiential avoidance than in those with low experiential avoidance during autobiographical retrieval. This low emotional expression can be regarded as an attempt by individuals with high experiential avoidance to avoid communicating the emotional load to others. This low emotional expression can be also regarded as an attempt by individuals with high experiential avoidance to control or suppress the internal events that contribute to the appearance or persistence of unwanted emotional states during retrieval.

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Direct and indirect predictors of social anxiety: The role of anxiety sensitivity, behavioral inhibition, experiential avoidance and self-consciousness

Cited by 49 publications

References 53 publications

Moderators of Change in Social Anxiety during CBT in a Transdiagnostic, Naturalistic Treatment-Seeking Sample

Moderators of Change in Social Anxiety during CBT in a Transdiagnostic, Naturalistic Treatment-Seeking Sample

Relationship Between Experiential Avoidance and Cognitive Fusion to Social Interaction Anxiety in Students

The face of memory: experiential avoidance and facial expressions during the retrieval of autobiographical memories

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