Abstract:cytotoxicity assessment due to close resemblance of intercellular and cellmatrix complexities in vivo. [1][2][3] Microcarriers are bead-based 3D matrix scaffolds (≈100-400 µm in diameter) used to upscale cell culture processes in tissue engineering [4,5] and cell therapies. [6,7] As these cultures may last from several days to months, [8] real-time monitoring of spheroid/microcarrier status in a label-free and non-invasive manner is of great significance in many bioprocesses. Conventional sensors for bioreacto… Show more
“…Besides, the cell membrane (10 nm) was modelled using the contact impedance approximation rather than the full-fidelity thin-layer geometry, which greatly simplified the numerical calculations while ensuring reliable analysis. 23,48 Additionally, organelles and biomolecules are all simplified as 2D circles (dimensions: 1 μm radius, 2 μm span) with twice the thickness of the cell membrane (20 nm), because chloroplasts have a double membrane envelope. The impedance signal can be obtained through calculating the current signal when particles move along the centreline under the stimulation of the two frequencies (i.e., 500 kHz and 6 MHz) simultaneously.…”
Intracellular components (including organelles and biomolecules) at the submicron level are typically analyzed in situ by special preparation or expensive setups. Here, a label-free and cost-effective approach of screening microalgal...
“…Besides, the cell membrane (10 nm) was modelled using the contact impedance approximation rather than the full-fidelity thin-layer geometry, which greatly simplified the numerical calculations while ensuring reliable analysis. 23,48 Additionally, organelles and biomolecules are all simplified as 2D circles (dimensions: 1 μm radius, 2 μm span) with twice the thickness of the cell membrane (20 nm), because chloroplasts have a double membrane envelope. The impedance signal can be obtained through calculating the current signal when particles move along the centreline under the stimulation of the two frequencies (i.e., 500 kHz and 6 MHz) simultaneously.…”
Intracellular components (including organelles and biomolecules) at the submicron level are typically analyzed in situ by special preparation or expensive setups. Here, a label-free and cost-effective approach of screening microalgal...
“…Quality control tests include e purity, viability, genetic stability and, immunophenotype characterization [ 278 ]. Recently, Gong et al reported a novel microfluidic approach that label-free and continuous-flow monitoring of single microcarrier using co-planar Field's metal electrodes and can be integrated into bioreactors for long-term [ 279 ]. Taken together, by employing bioreactors and microcarriers, it is expected that production costs would decrease due to improved process monitoring and quality control leading to better consistency and process efficiency, and enabling economies of scale.…”
Section: Microcarriers Design Application In Cartilage Tementioning
“…However, imagingbased detection [81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90] (Fig. 3b) and impedance-based detection [91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98] (Fig. 3c) have become progressively universal in the past decade.…”
Section: Detecting Systems For Microfluidic Flow Cytometrymentioning
Flow cytometry has proven its capability for rapid and quantitative analysis of individual cells and the separation of targeted biological samples from others. The emerging microfluidics technology makes it possible...
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