Direct and transdentinal biostimulatory effects of grape seed extract rich in proanthocyanidin on pulp cells

Abstract

Aim To evaluate the potential biostimulatory effects of grape seed extract (GSE) on a primary culture of human pulp cells. Methodology Human molars were used to obtain the primary pulp cell culture and 0.5‐mm dentine discs. For GSE direct exposure, dose–response (0.0065–6.5%) and time response (1–60 min of contact) were examined. For transdentinal exposure, 0.65% of GSE was tested for 24 h. Cellular metabolism, nitric oxide and collagen production, and cell morphology alterations were assessed at periods of 24 and 72 h. After cell differentiation and direct exposure to GSE, the total protein production (TP), alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and formation of mineralization nodules (MN) were assessed. The results were analysed by parametric tests or non‐parametric tests (α = 0.05). Results The lower concentration of GSE tested (0.0065%) was associated with an increase in cellular metabolism, a reduction in the production of nitric oxide and an increase in extracellular matrix synthesis (collagen). Distinct behaviours were observed for the different concentrations, without a reduction of cellular metabolism >10% compared with the control, either when applied directly or transdentinally. SEM revealed no significant change in cell morphology, except for the positive control (H2O2). There was no difference in TP, ALP or MN between the control group and the group exposed to GSE. Conclusions Treatment with grape seed extract, even at the highest concentration and longest period, caused neither direct nor transdentinal cytotoxic effects on human pulp cells. Grape seed extract components may play a biostimulatory role and protect dental pulp cells when in direct contact.

Effect of grape seed extract (GSE) on functional activity and mineralization of OD-21 and MDPC-23 cell lines

“…In addition, the extract increased ALP deposition significantly in both cell lines. Our results differ from those of Santos et al 13 , who evaluated the culture of human pulp cells from third molars, and observed no difference in ALP production between the control and the group exposed to the extract. According to these authors, this could be explained by the contact time with the grape extract made only on the last day of differentiation.…”

“…11 Park et al 12 observed that in vivo administration of GSE improved the arthritic manifestations of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice, simultaneously suppressing in vitro osteoclast differentiation and promoting in vitro osteoblast differentiation. When investigating the early effects of GSE on cells derived from pulp tissue, Santos et al 13 observed that low concentrations of GSE were associated with an increase in cell viability, decreased production of nitric oxide, and increased synthesis of extracellular matrix by pulp cells from human third molars.…”

Host defense peptides combined with MTA extract increase the repair in dental pulp cells: in vitro and ex vivo study

“…The obtained discs were then subjected to a specific treatment protocol. Both sides of the discs were treated with 0.5 M EDTA solution for a duration of 60 s, followed by thorough rinsing with distilled water to remove any residual EDTA 74 . Subsequently, discs were individually wrapped in surgical-grade paper and sterilized in an autoclave (saturated steam under pressure).…”

Concentrated MTA Repair HP reduced biofilm and can cause reparative action at a distance

“…A disc of each tooth was obtained, and all adjacent enamel was removed. Discs were treated with 0.5 mol L −1 EDTA for 60 s for both sides and then washed with distilled water (Dos Santos et al, 2019). Subsequently, the discs were individually wrapped and sterilized in an autoclave (saturated steam under pressure).…”