Direct Atomic-Scale Insight into the Precipitation Formation at the Lanthanum Hydroxide Nanoparticle/Solution Interface

Abstract

Understanding precipitation formation at lanthanum hydroxide (La(OH)3) nanoparticle–solution interfaces plays a crucial role in catalysis, adsorption, and electrochemical energy storage applications. Liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy enables powerful visualization with high resolution. However, direct atomic-scale imaging of the interfacial metal (hydro)oxide nanostructure in solutions has been a major challenge due to their beam-driven dissolution. Combining focused ion beam and aberration-corrected high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy, we present an atomic-scale study of precipitation formation at La(OH)3 nanoparticle interfaces after reaction with phosphate. The structure transformation is observed to occur at high- and low-crystalline La(OH)3 nanoparticle surfaces. Low-crystalline La(OH)3 mostly transformed and high-crystalline ones partly converted to LaPO4 precipitations on the outer surface. The long-term structure evolution shows the low transformation of high-crystalline La(OH)3 nanoparticles to LaPO4 precipitation. Because precipitation at solid–solution interfaces is common in nature and industry, these results could provide valuable references for their atomic-scale observation.

Interface Engineering for 3D Printed Energy Storage Materials and Devices

“…[ 39,40 ] For 3D printing of energy storage, it can also uncover charge storage mechanisms and promote the development of state‐of‐the‐art 3DP‐ESMDs. [ 41–43 ] To achieve efficient energy storage, the ionic resistance at interfaces (e.g., the electrode–electrolyte interface) should be minimized to ultralow levels, which is of critical significance for solid‐state EESDs. [ 44,45 ] The interface effect plays an imperative role in the development of innovative 3DP‐ESMDs in the future.…”