Direct contact between dust and HBCD-treated fabrics is an important pathway of source-to-dust transfer

Rauert, Cassandra; Kuribara, Isamu; Kataoka, Toshiyuki; Wada, Takeharu; Kajiwara, Natsuko; Suzuki, Go; Takigami, Hidetaka; Harrad, Stuart

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.054

Cited by 30 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Direct transfer from materials (TV casings, textiles) to dust has been seen for BDE-209 and HBCDDs for example. 56,57 The TCEP (0.99 μg/g) and TDCIPP (2.6 μg/ g) concentrations were similar to those found in Wong et al's study (TCEP: 1.3 μg/g; TDCIPP: 1.9 μg/g), 35 but much lower than found in Bergh et al's study (TCEP: 7.0 μg/g; TDCIPP: 17 μg/g). 42 These results are consistent with the results found for the air samples, and support the hypothesis that this is due to the European phase out of some OPEs such as TCEP 58 and possible use shift to other FRs in Sweden.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Organohalogenated Flame Retardants and Organophosphate Esters in Office Air and Dust from Sweden

Fang

Sellström

Wit

2019

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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A wide range of organohalogenated flame retardants (HFRs) and organophosphate esters (OPEs) were measured in air and floor dust from 10 offices in Stockholm, Sweden. Concentrations of ∑18 emerging HFRs, ∑21 legacy HFRs and ∑11 OPEs from the offices were found to be 420, 510, and 1600000 ng/g, respectively, in floor dust and 400, 15, and 160 000 pg/m 3 respectively in active air samples. All targeted compounds were detected in dust except 2,3,5,6-tetrabromo-p-xylene (pTBX) indicating widespread application of a broad range of FRs in the Swedish offices while only 54% of targeted compounds were detected in indoor air. Estimated ∑OPE exposure in Swedish offices is 3−4 orders of magnitude higher than for ∑emerging HFRs and ∑legacy HFRs via all three different exposure routes in our study. Adult's estimated intakes of emerging and legacy HFRs and OPEs from office air and dust during working hours (30% of a day) are some orders of magnitude lower than the corresponding reference doses (RfD). However, in worst case exposure scenarios (maximum concentrations and high dust intake), the intake of tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP) was one-third of its RfD, which may be of potential concern if exposure is as high in other microenvironments.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Organohalogenated Flame Retardants and Organophosphate Esters in Office Air and Dust from Sweden

Fang

Sellström

Wit

2019

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Interestingly, upholstery samples contained considerably higher concentrations than foam samples for HBCDD and BDE‐209. Both HBCDD and DecaBDE have had known applications as backcoating of fabrics used as furniture upholstery . This suggests that concentrations found in foam samples could be the result of BFR migration from flame‐retarded upholstery.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A rapid method for the determination of brominated flame retardant concentrations in plastics and textiles entering the waste stream

Abdallah

Drage

Sharkey

et al. 2017

J of Separation Science

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Due to new European legislation, products going to waste are subject to 'low persistent organic pollutant concentration limits'. Concentrations of restricted brominated flame retardants in waste products must be determined. A rapid extraction and clean-up method was developed for determination of brominated flame retardants in various plastics and textiles. The optimised method used vortexing and ultrasonication in dichloromethane followed by sulfuric acid clean-up to determine target compounds. Poly-brominated diphenyl ethers were determined by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry and hexabromocyclododecane by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Good recoveries of target analytes were obtained after three extraction cycles. The method was validated using poly-propylene and poly-ethylene certified reference materials as well as previously characterised textiles, expanded and extruded poly-styrene samples. Measured concentrations of target compounds showed good agreement with the certified values indicating good accuracy and precision. Clean extracts provided low noise levels resulting in low limits of quantification (0.8-1.5 ng/g for poly-brominated diphenyl ethers and 0.3 ng/g for α-, β- and γ-hexabromocyclododecane). The developed method was applied successfully to real consumer products entering the waste stream and it provided various advantages over traditional methods, including reduced analysis time, solvent consumption, minimal sample contamination and high sample throughput, which is crucial to comply with the implemented legislation.

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“…Schripp et al 40 conducted similar chamber studies but concluded that the migration of di-nbutylphthalate (DnBP) and DEHP from the source to dust may result from mass transfer between dust particles and the material's boundary layer. Recently, a few other chamber experiments have also been carried out to investigate the direct source-to-dust transfer of SVOCs, including phthalates, 41 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 42 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), 43 hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), 44 and organophosphates. 45 However, although high levels of SVOCs in dust were commonly observed, these experiments could not demonstrate whether source-to-dust transfer occurred rapidly, what is the timescale for equilibrium to be reached, and what is the concentration level in dust at sorption equilibrium.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Transfer of Phthalate and Alternative Plasticizers from Indoor Source Products to Dust: Laboratory Measurements and Predictive Modeling

Wang

et al. 2020

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Phthalate and alternative plasticizers are semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) and among the most abundant indoor pollutants. Although ingestion of dust is one of the major exposure pathways to them, migration knowledge from source products to indoor dust is still limited. Systematic chamber measurements were conducted to investigate the direct transfer of these SVOCs between source products and dust in contact with the source. Substantial direct source-to-dust transfer of SVOCs was observed for all tests. The concentration of bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in dust was 12 times higher than the pre-experimental level after only two days of source−dust contact. A mechanistic model was developed to predict the direct transfer process, and a reasonable agreement between model predictions and measurements was achieved. The octanol/air partition coefficient (K oa ) of SVOCs, the emission parameter of the source product (y 0 ), and the characteristics of the dust layer (i.e., porosity and thickness) control the transfer, affecting the SVOC concentration in dust, the kinetics of direct transfer, or both. Dust mass loading has a significant influence on the transfer, while relative humidity only has a limited effect. The findings suggest that minimizing the use of SVOC-containing products and house vacuuming are effective intervention strategies to reduce young children's exposure to SVOCs.

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Direct contact between dust and HBCD-treated fabrics is an important pathway of source-to-dust transfer

Cited by 30 publications

References 17 publications

Organohalogenated Flame Retardants and Organophosphate Esters in Office Air and Dust from Sweden

Organohalogenated Flame Retardants and Organophosphate Esters in Office Air and Dust from Sweden

A rapid method for the determination of brominated flame retardant concentrations in plastics and textiles entering the waste stream

Direct Transfer of Phthalate and Alternative Plasticizers from Indoor Source Products to Dust: Laboratory Measurements and Predictive Modeling

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