Direct conversion of chitin into a N-containing furan derivative

This review briefs the emerging strategies for the designing of catalysts and catalytic systems to upgrade waste biomass into value-added chemicals, with an emphasis on the efforts and advances in our group. The review covers the valorization of chitin and lignin materials, which are most abundant N-containing and the most abundant aromatic polymers, respectively. In the chitin part, we show case existing examples on chitin monomer and chitin transformation into renewable, N-containing chemicals. Oxidation, hydrolysis, dehydration reactions will be introduced. In lignin part we mainly introduce novel catalyst for lignin hydrogenolysis, in particular Ni based monometallic and bimetallic catalysts. The structure-activity correlations will be discussed in detail. We finally describe some of the undergoing works in the group and highlight a few potential directions worth investigation in the future.

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“…Adapted from Ref. [50] chemical production [50]. Among 26 additive and additive combinations being screened (see Fig.…”

Section: Conversion Of Chitin Into Furan Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Catalytic Systems to Convert Chitin and Lignin into Valuable Chemicals

Chen

Yan

2014

Catal Surv Asia

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“…2 Compared with humins obtained from biomass sources such as chitin, there are more aromatic rings but few Ncontaining compounds in the humic acids obtained from lignite according to the corresponding FTIR spectra. Chitin is rich in C-N and N-H bonds, 23 whereas there are many aromatic rings in lignite. 24 The distribution of chemical groups in humins was determined by the origin of the feedstock.…”

Section: Ftir Analysis Of Humic Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of humic acids extracted from a lignite and interpretation for the mass spectra

et al. 2017

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Humic acids obtained from a Chinese lignite via alkali treatment were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Orbitrap mass spectrometry coupled with an electrospray ion source (ESIOrbitrap-MS). Raw coal and the corresponding residue were characterized via scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry. Over 4700 heteroatom-containing compounds with wide distributions of molecular mass and unsaturation degree were detected via the ESI-Orbitrap-MS, and around 60 percent of the detected species were found to be oxygen-containing compounds. In addition, van Krevelen diagram and double-bond equivalent (DBE) plot were introduced to provide more structural details of the compounds. For the species only containing C, H, and O (HA CHO ), condensed aromatic compounds with a DBE value over 20 only contained 1 or 2 oxygen atoms. Carboxyl-and hydroxylcontaining aliphatic compounds (CHCACs) were predominant in HA CHO with 5 or 6 oxygen atoms. Both the CHCACs and aromatic carboxylic acids or phenols were grouped into clusters in the van Krevelen diagram to be recognized. The introduction of a nitrogen atom to the HA CHO species was based on the structures of the HA CHO species, which is also indicated by the van Krevelen diagram.

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“…8 These compounds are promising feedstock for producing polymers and fuels, 9 but characteristic nitrogen atoms of chitin are not contained in these compounds. Instead, 3-acetamido-5-acetylfuran (3A5AF) 10 was synthesised from chitin in the presence of excess H 3 BO 3 and NaCl (7.5% yield), 11 and the pretreatment of chitin increased the yield to 28.5%. 12 A health care agent, glucosamine sulphate, was obtained as a major product in the presence of only 100 mM H 2 SO 4 by a co-solvent system, water/diethylene glycol diethyl ether, which facilitated acid-catalysed hydrolysis of both glycosidic and amide bonds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrolytic hydrogenation of chitin to amino sugar alcohol

2017

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Chitin is the second most abundant biomass and characteristically contains nitrogen atoms in its monomer units. These favourable features promote chitin to be a potential resource for renewable organonitrogen compounds. 2-Acetamido-2-deoxysorbitol (ADS) is an attractive target in derivatives of chitin, but the conversion of chitin to ADS has not been reported so far.In this work, we demonstrate the catalytic conversion of chitin to ADS using mechanocatalysis in the presence of H 2 SO 4 and subsequent hydrolytic hydrogenation by H 2 SO 4 and Ru/TiO 2 without purification process. Our study clarified that the yield of ADS is strongly influenced by the reaction temperature and pH. The hydrolysis favourably proceeds at high temperature and low pH (2.0), but hydrogenation needs low temperature and specific pH of 34 to achieve high selectivity. Specifically, in the hydrogenation step, acid causes various side-reactions of amide and hemiacetal groups especially in the presence of Ru catalyst, whereas even a small amount of base drastically accelerates the retro-aldol reaction to form erythritol and N-acetylethanolamine.Therefore, a one-pot but two-step reaction is necessary to optimise both hydrolysis and hydrogenation steps and maximises the overall yield of ADS up to 52%.

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Direct conversion of chitin into a N-containing furan derivative

Abstract: One pot conversion of chitin into 3A5AF opens up a new avenue for renewable, value added N-containing chemicals.

Cited by 248 publications

References 67 publications

Novel Catalytic Systems to Convert Chitin and Lignin into Valuable Chemicals

Novel Catalytic Systems to Convert Chitin and Lignin into Valuable Chemicals

Characterization of humic acids extracted from a lignite and interpretation for the mass spectra

Hydrolytic hydrogenation of chitin to amino sugar alcohol

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