Direct conversion of ethylene to propylene based on molybdenum catalysts

Bioethanol as a potential eco‐friendlier feedstock for catalytic production of fuels and petrochemicals

“…With silica supports with low activity and Ni doping, advances in material research have resulted in enhanced efficiency with lower nickel percentages when nickel is deposited into aluminosilicates and aluminas. An appropriate selection of Ni precursors and aluminic conveyors has permitted oligomerization using moderate conditions with improved selectivity for dimerization, particularly for ethylene, for which it is usually difficult to attain dimer selectivity 203,204 . Contrary to the significant progress made in recent years, homogeneous ethylene and propylene dimerization remain preferable for commercial applications.…”

“…An appropriate selection of Ni precursors and aluminic conveyors has permitted oligomerization using moderate conditions with improved selectivity for dimerization, particularly for ethylene, for which it is usually difficult to attain dimer selectivity. 203,204 Contrary to the significant progress made in recent years, homogeneous ethylene and propylene dimerization remain preferable for commercial applications. Butene dimerization is the sole process in which a technical alternative is available in both homogeneous and heterogeneous forms.…”

“…However, the specificity to short and total‐terminal olefins at significant transformations for ethylene oligomerization continues to be a significant problem in Ni heterogeneous catalysis. Since effective Ni catalysts are frequently comprised of an acidic surface, the isomerization of 1‐butene to 2‐butenes is a simple and straightforward process 204,205 . Aside from this, surface acidity promotes the cationic oligomerization of reactive olefins including propylene or butenes, which results in the generation of coke and the deactivation of catalysts.…”

“…Since effective Ni catalysts are frequently comprised of an acidic surface, the isomerization of 1-butene to 2-butenes is a simple and straightforward process. 204,205 Aside from this, surface acidity promotes the cationic oligomerization of reactive olefins including propylene or butenes, which results in the generation of coke and the deactivation of catalysts. To prevent pore filling, an optimized balance between monitored acidity and meso-/macroporosity must be achieved.…”