Direct Costs of Diabetes Mellitus in Germany – CoDiM 2000–2007

Abstract

There was a continuous increase in the prevalence of diabetes in Germany during the 8-year period. Although there was only a modest increase in annual diabetes-related per-capita costs, total healthcare expenditure rose substantially due to the growing number of patients being treated for diabetes.

Analysis and valuation of the health and climate change cobenefits of dietary change

“…Productivity losses due to morbidity and mortality, which are a part of the indirect costs, were included only for deaths occurring among adults of working age (<65 y old). For the CoI analysis related to diabetes (SI Appendix, section SI.4), we adopted country-specific cost estimates (48) and, to avoid double-counting of cardio vascular disease-related complications, adjusted those estimates for the incremental cost component specifically attributable to diabetes (49,50).…”

Higher Accuracy of Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose in Insulin-Treated Patients in Germany: Clinical and Economical Aspects

“…According to the German data of myocardial infarctions, [50][51][52] Costs for myocardial infarction in Germany, as assessed by the German epidemiological CoDiM Study, 20,53,54 were calculated to be €9767 per myocardial infarction and €4032 for costs related to the first year of follow-up after an acute myocardial infarction. Adding the two parameters of costs for myocardial infarction, €13,799 per successfully treated myocardial infarction were incorporated into the analysis.…”

“…Based on the German health care system, this may add up to annual savings of €9.4 million in type 1 diabetes patients and €55.5 million in the entire group of insulintreated patients. In light of annual diabetes-related costs in Germany of €19.1 billion, 20 the savings are considered to be a substantial contribution to reducing costs in the health care system of Germany. Data of an in silico analysis were included in our analysis, 17 which demonstrated that a higher accuracy may translate into a 10% reduction of severe hypoglycemic events and a mean HbA1c reduction of 0.39%.…”

“…51,52 Costs related to diabetic cardiovascular complications were calculated based on the results of the German epidemiological CoDiM-Study published by the London School of Economics. 20,53,54 …”

Glucagon for hypoglycemic episodes in insulin-treated diabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis with a comparison of glucagon with dextrose and of different glucagon formulations

“…During the past 10 years, the incidence of T1DM increased on average by 2.5-3 % per year worldwide [19] and so is for the number of patients treated with insulin or insulin plus oral antidiabetic agents [11,20], and frequency of hypoglycemia is also raising [21].…”