Direct detection of ultra-trace vanadium (V) in natural waters by flow-injection chemiluminescence with controlled-reagent-release technology

Automatic integrated system for catalytic spectrophotometric determination of vanadium in water samples

“…Different analytical methods have been developed for vanadium quantication and speciation in environmental, biological and industrial samples, exploiting different techniques such as spectrophotometry, [3][4][5][6][7] ow injection spectrophotometry, 8-10 voltammetry, 11,12 thermometry, 13 enthalpimetry, 14 inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), 15 ow injection chemiluminescence, 16 liquid chromatography 17,18 and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). 17 Some of these methods are sensitive and accurate but expensive, time-consuming and require skillful operators.…”